ect of the institution, which is wholly unsectarian
in character, is to educate and train the blind mentally and
physically and in industrial occupations, and at the same time to
improve their moral standard, so that eventually they may become in
great measure, or even completely, self-supporting." (Dr Kenneth
Scott.)

India.

India has a large proportion of blind inhabitants, ranging from one in
600 in some provinces, to one in 400 in others, with a total of more
than half a million. Until recently, little had been done in the way
of organized effort to educate them, though many of the missionaries
had helped individual cases. At Amritsar a large and well-organized
work for the blind has been carried on for many years. This school has
now been moved to Rajpur, and helps 70 blind women and children. In
1903 a government school and hospital were established at Bombay as a
memorial to Queen Victoria. Reading, writing, arithmetic, tailoring,
typewriting, carpentering, lathe-work and carpet-weaving are taught.
There are small schools at Parantij, Calcutta, Palancottah, Calicut,
Coorg, Chota-Nagpur, and at Moulmein in Burma. The memorial to Queen
Victoria in Ceylon took the form of work for the blind. J. Knowles,
with the help of L. Garthwaite of the Indian Civil Service, devised a
scheme of oriental Braille, which has been adopted by the British and
Foreign Bible Society for the production of the Scriptures in Eastern
languages.

China.

Blindness is very prevalent in China, and to eye-diseases, neglect and
dirt, must be added leprosy and smallpox as causes. Blind beggars may
be seen on every highway, clamouring for alms. As in India their
pitiful condition attracted the attention of the missionaries. W.H.
Murray, a Scottish missionary in Peking, made a simple and ingenious
adaptation of the Braille symbols to the complicated system of Chinese
printing, in which over 4000 characters are required. It was necessary
to represent at least 408 sounds, and each one was given a
corresponding Braille number. When a pupil reads the number he knows
instantly the sound for which it stands. A school for the blind was
established at Peking, and the version of the Scriptures printed at
Peking can be read in all the provinces where the Northern Mandarin
dialect is spoken (see Miss Gordon Cumming, _The Inventor of the
Numeral Type for China_). A Braill