ree.

Art. 17. Neutral vessels may not be captured for breach of blockade
except within the area of operations of the warships detailed to
render the blockade effective.

Art. 18. The blockading forces must not bar access to neutral ports or
coasts.

Art. 19. Whatever may be the ulterior destination of a vessel or of
her cargo, she cannot be captured for breach of blockade, if, at the
moment, she is on her way to a non-blockaded port.

Art. 20. A vessel which has broken blockade outwards, or which has
attempted to break blockade inwards, is liable to capture so long as
she is pursued by a ship of the blockading force. If the pursuit is
abandoned, or if the blockade is raised, her capture can no longer be
effected.

Art. 21. A vessel found guilty of breach of blockade is liable to
condemnation. The cargo is also condemned, unless it is proved that at
the time of the shipment of the goods the shipper neither knew nor
could have known of the intention to break the blockade. (T. Ba.)

FOOTNOTES:

[1] John Marshall, secretary of state, to Rufus King, minister to
England, 20th of September 1800, Am. State Papers, Class I, For. Rel.
II, No. 181, J.B. Moore, _Digest of International Law_, vii. 788.

[2] James Madison, secretary of state, to Mr Thornton, 27th of
October 1803, 14 MS. Dom. Let. 215. Moore, _Digest of International
Law_, vii. 789.

BLOCKHOUSE, in fortification, a small roofed work serving as a fortified
post for a small garrison. The word, common since 1500, is of uncertain
origin, and was applied to what is now called a _fort d'arret_, a
detached fort blocking the access to a landing, channel, pass, bridge or
defile. The modern blockhouse is a building, sometimes of two storeys,
which is loopholed on all sides, and not infrequently, in the case of
two-storey blockhouses, provided with a _machicoulis_ gallery.
Blockhouses are built of wood, brick, stone, corrugated iron or any
material available. During the South African War (1899-1902) they were
often sent from England to the front in ready-made sections.

BLOEMAERT, ABRAHAM (1564-1651), Dutch painter and engraver, was born at
Gorinchem, the son of an architect. He was first a pupil of Gerrit
Splinter (pupil of Frans Floris) and of Joos de Beer, at Utrecht. He
then spent three years in Paris, studying under several masters, and on
his return to his native country received further t