gnifier. Roman glass beads are always drawn out, and nicked off hot,
with striation lengthways; except the large opaque variegated beads
which are coiled. Modern Venetian beads are similarly coiled. In the
XXIIIrd Dynasty beads of a rich transparent Prussian blue glass were
made, until the XXVIth. About the same time the eyed beads, with white
and brown eyes in a blue mass, also came in (P.A. 25-27, Plate XIII.).

_Pottery_ (see fig. 112).--The earliest style of pottery is entirely
hand made, without any rotary motion; the form being built up with a
flat stick inside and the hand outside, and finally scraped and
burnished in a vertical direction. The necks of vases were the first
part finished with rotation, at the middle and close of the prehistoric
age. Fully turned forms occur in the Ist Dynasty; but as late as the
XIIth Dynasty the lower part of small vases is usually trimmed with a
knife. In the earlier part of the prehistoric age there was a soft brown
ware with haematite facing, highly burnished. This was burnt mouth-down
in the oven, and the ashes on the ground reduced the red haematite to
black magnetic oxide of iron; some traces of carbonyl in the ash helped
to rearrange the magnetite as a brilliant mirror-like surface of intense
black. The lower range of jars in the oven had then black tops, while
the upper ranges were entirely red. A favourite decoration was by lines
of white clay slip, in crossing patterns, figures of animals, and,
rarely, men. This is exactly of the modern Kabyle style in Algeria, and
entirely disappeared from Egypt very early in the prehistoric age. Being
entirely hand made, various oval, doubled and even square forms were
readily shaped.

The later prehistoric age is marked by entirely different pottery, of a
hard pink-brown ware, often with white specks in it, without any applied
facing beyond an occasional pink wash, and no polishing. It is decorated
with designs in red line, imitating cordage and marbling, and drawings
of plants, ostriches and ships. The older red polished ware still
survived in a coarse and degraded character, and both kinds together
were carried on into the next age (P.D.P.).

The early dynastic pottery not only shows the decadent end of the
earlier forms, but also new styles, such as grand jars of 2 or 3 ft.
high which were slung in cordage, and which have imitation lines of
cordage marked on them. Large ring-stands also were brought in, to
support jars, so that