were not white it would be observed by the seals, which would
thus avoid being devoured by it. See Weismann, I., p. 70. (English
edition, p. 65.)

37 It is almost comical when Weismann, the champion of the purely
naturalistic outlook, occasionally forgets his role altogether, and
puts in a word for "chance," or attempts to soften absolute
predetermination. For if even a single wolf should destroy a stag
"by chance," or if a single "id" should "chance" to grow in a manner
slightly different from that laid down for it by the compelling
force of preceding and accompanying circumstances, the whole
Darwinian edifice would be labour lost.

38 See Darwin, "... chance variations. Unless such occur, natural
selection can do nothing."

39 "Die Darwinsehe Theorie. Gemeinverstaendliche Vorlesungen ueber die
Naturphilosophie der Gegenwart gehalten vor Studierenden aller
Fakultaeten," Leipzig, 1903. This book is the continuation of the
author's "Deszendenztheorie."

40 Fleischmann's book compares favourably with those of other
naturalists, in that he does not contrast "Moses" and natural
science, as is customary, but has a deeper knowledge of the modern
view of Genesis I. than is usually found among naturalists, whether
of the "positive" or "negative" standpoint.

41 See also Wolff.

42 See C.C. Coe, "Nature versus Natural Selection," London, 1895.
Perhaps the most comprehensive, many-sided, critical analysis of the
theory of natural selection. See also Herbert Spencer, "The
Inadequacy of Natural Selection," 1893.

43 Leipzig, 1888, 1897, 1901. In part translated as "Organic
Evolution." We are here mainly concerned with Vols. I. and III.
Later on we shall have to discuss Vol. II.

44 Wien, 1899.

45 See Wettstein, "Neolamarckism," Jena, 1902. See also Demoor,
Massart, Vandervelde, "L'Evolution regressive en Biologie et
Sociologie," Paris, 1897. Bibliotheque scientific internationale,
vol. lxxxv. This work is on the Lamarckian basis. It is original in
applying Lamarckian principles to a theory of society.

46 Two vols., Leipzig, 1901 and 1902.

47 It remains open to question whether Eimer's explanation is
sufficient in all cases, even those of the exaggeratedly deceptive
copies of leaves or bark, or the colour of the environ