matic Service, 1877; Secretary Legation, Tokyo, 1891;
Secretary Embassy, Constantinople, 1897-1902; Paris, 1902-5; Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Lisbon, 1905;
Ambassador, Madrid, 1906-13; Vienna, 1913.

Beaumont, Henry Dawson: Charge d'Affaires, Turkey. Born February 4,
1867; entered Diplomatic Service, 1892; served in Copenhagen,
Madrid, Rio de Janeiro, St. Petersburg, and Montenegro; Charge
d'Affaires, Turkey, 1914.

Villiers, Sir Francis: Minister to Belgium. Born August 13, 1852;
entered Foreign Office, 1870; Assistant Under-Secretary State
Foreign Affairs, 1896-1905; Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, Portugal, 1905-11; Belgium, 1911.

Des Graz, Charles Louis: Minister to Serbia. Born March 2, 1860;
entered Diplomatic Service, 1884; Constantinople, Teheran, Athens;
Counsellor Embassy, Rome, 1905; Charge d'Affaires, Cettinje, 1906;
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Peru and Ecuador,
1908-13; Minister, Serbia, 1913.

Crackanthorpe, Dayrell Eardley Montague: First Secretary of Legation
to Serbia. Born September 9, 1871; entered Diplomatic Service, 1896;
Madrid, Washington, Brussels, Bucharest, Vienna, Belgrade, 1913.

Rodd, Sir Rennell: Ambassador to Italy. Born November 9, 1858;
entered Diplomatic Service, 1883; Berlin, Athens, Rome, Paris;
Secretary Embassy, Rome, 1901-4; Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, Sweden, 1904-8; Ambassador, Italy, 1908.

[Illustration: Albert I, King of Belgium.]

FRANCE

Poincare, Raymond: President of the Republic.

Viviani, Rene: President of the Council, a Minister of Foreign
Affairs, and Premier of the Cabinet. Had been Minister of
Instruction in the Cabinet of Gaston Doumergue, which resigned June
2, 1914; Poincare asked him at that time to form a cabinet, but
Ambassador Paleologue intimated from St. Petersburg that the Czar
feared a Viviani ministry would modify the three years' military
service law, and therefore another was sought for this position.
After the failure of the Ribot Cabinet on June 12, 1914, he was
again called upon, and, no objections being made, he formed the
ministry acting at the outbreak of the war. After the beginning of
the hostilities he retained the position of President of the Council
without portfolio.

Jonnart, Charles Celestin: Minister for Foreign Affairs. Born
December 27, 1857; Governor General Algiers and Minister of the
Interior.

Pichon, Stephen: Minister for Foreign