ng
extracts--some of which are reproduced on the opposite page--from the
programme of debates in the _Bulletin_ of the Grand Orient for June 5,
1922, to recognize that the ideas they propagate are simply those of
International Socialism:

Loge "Union et France": Lecture du Rapport de notre T.'. C.'. F.'.
Chardard sur "L'Exploitation des richesses nationales au profit de
la collectivite."

Loge "Les Renovateurs": "Exploitation des Richesses nationales et
des grosses Entreprises an profit de la collectivite." Conference
de notre F.'. Goldschmidt, Orat.'. adjoint sur la meme question.

[Illustration: News paper clippings]

Loge "Les Zeles Philanthropes": "La Transformation de la Societe
Actuelle s'impose-t-elle?" Conference par le T.'. C.'. F.'. Edmond
Cottin.

Loge "Paix-Travail-Solidarite": "Role de la Franc-Maconnerie dans
la politique actuelle" par le F.'. F.'.

Loge "Les Trinitaires": "Le Socialisme Francais" par le T.'. Ill. F.'.
Elie May.

Ten.'. Collective des L.'. "Emmanuel Arago" & "les Coeurs Unis
indivisibles": "Comment propager notre Ideal Maconnique dans le
Monde profane." Conference par le F.'. Jahia, de la R.'. L.'. Isis
Monthyon.

Loge "Isis Monthyon et Conscience et Volonte": "La Terreur et le
Peril Fasciste en Italie, le Fascisme et la F.'.-Mac.'. Italienne,"
impressions de notre F.'. Mazzini, de retour, apres un sejour
prolonge en Italie.

It will be seen by the last of these extracts that Grand Orient Masonry
is the enemy of Fascismo, which saved Italy in her hour of peril.
Indeed, the Italian Masons passed a resolution which was directly
opposed to Fascist views, especially with regard to the religious policy
of Mussolini, who has restored the crucifix to the schools and religious
teaching to the curriculum. The Fascist _Giornale di Roma_ declared that
the principles announced by the Masons in this resolution were those
which threatened to submerge the State and nation. Consequently
Mussolini declared that Fascisti must either leave their lodges or leave
Fascismo.[684]

In Belgium Freemasonry has taken the same political and anti-religious
course. In 1856 the directing committee of the Belgian Grand Orient
declared: "Not only is it the right but the duty of the lodges to
supervise the actions in public life of those amongst its members
whom it has placed in political posts, the right