nd New Jersey seized by English, 107, 132;
loss of French colonies, 219, 291, 294, 295, 304, 314, 321, 322;
loss of Spanish colonies, 219, 315-317, 321;
French colonial policy, 242, 254, 255, 257, 258, 273-278, 282, 283, 306;
Spanish colonial policy, 245-247, 250;
colonial expansion the characteristic motive of the wars from 1739
to 1783, 254, 281-284, 291, 508-510;
value of smaller West India islands, 256, 374, 512, 513;
the English in India, 257, 282, 305, 307, 348, 349, 419, 420, 459;
Vernon's and Anson's expedition against Spanish, 261;
Florida and the Bahamas recovered by Spain, 517 (note).
British North American, character of, 255, 283;
extension over all the continent east of the Mississippi, 65, 321;
quarrel with mother-country, 334, 341;
military situation of, 341-344;
alliance with France, 350;
effect of sea power upon their struggle, 397, 524;
object of, 507, 508;
policy of France in their struggle, 359, 511, 512;
distribution of colonial possessions at peace of 1783, 540.

_Commander-in-chief_,
position of a naval, in battle, 353-358;
question raised by action of the Due de Chartres, 352;
illustrated by practice of Howe, Nelson, Farragut, 353-358;
orders of French government, 353.

_Commerce_,
attempts to control by force, 1, 62, 63, 100, 101, 107, 245, 247;
trade routes, 25, 32, 33, 37, 38, 141, 142;
water carriage easier and cheaper than land, 25;
advantages of rivers and inlets to, 25, 35, 36;
secure seaports and a navy necessary to security of, 26-28, 74-76,
82, 83, 134, 135;
the basis of a healthy navy, 28, 45, 46, 82;
war upon (see commerce-destroying);
influence of Baltic trade upon sea power, 32, 62, 239, 240, 405;
effect of Central American Canal on, 33, 325;
effect of physical conditions on, 36-39;
decay of Spanish, 41, 50-52;
effect of national character on, 50-55;
solicitude of English government concerning, 60, 62, 63, 65, 66,
143, 206, 218, 220, 240, 241, 247, 269, 270;
the Navigation Act, 60;
influence of the wealth of England on history, 64, 187, 197, 216,
218, 227, 279, 295;
commercial spirit of the Dutch, 49, 52, 55, 57, 68, 69, 98;
Colbert's policy for developing, 70, 71, 101, 102, 105, 106, 169;
decay of French, under Louis XIV., 73, 107, 167, 169, 170, 198, 199,
219, 226-228;
improvement of French, under Louis XV., 74, 242, 243;
government influence on, 70, 71, 82, 101, 105, 1