f, 295, 305;
losses in the war, 324;
results of the war to, 324;
partition of Poland, 336.

_Gardiner's Bay_, Long Island,
useful as a base of operations to an enemy of the United States, 212,
station of English fleet, 386.

_Geographical Position_,
its effect upon the sea power of countries, 29-35.

_Gibraltar_,
strategic question, 12;
taken by Rooke, 210;
strategic value, 212;
value to England, 29, 32, 220, 298, 328, 414;
offers to restore to Spain, 236, 298;
attacks on, 212, 245, 411;
siege of, 403-412.

_Government_,
character and policy of, effect upon the sea power of countries, 58-88;
English, 59-67;
Dutch, 67-69;
French, 69-82;
United States, 83-88.

_Graves_, British Admiral,
commanding in New York, sails to relieve Cornwallis, 389;
out-manoeuvred by De Grasse, 391;
criticisms on, 390, 391.

_Graves_, British Captain, afterward admiral,
urges Rodney to attack French squadron anchored in Newport, 396;
second to Nelson at Copenhagen, 396 (note);
blockading on French coast, 526.

_Great Britain._ See England.

_Hannibal._ See Second Punic War, 13-21.

_Havana_,
strategic value of, 315, 517, 519;
taken by the English, 315;
restored at Peace of Paris, 321, 322.

_Hawke_, Sir Edward, afterward Lord, British Admiral,
distinguishes himself at the battle of Toulon, 266;
captures a French squadron, 271-273;
seizes French shipping in the Atlantic, 285;
relieves Byng in the Mediterranean, 290;
blockade of Brest, 300, 527;
brilliant action in Quiberon Bay, 300-304;
maxim as to strength of English fleet, 523.

_Henry IV._, of France,
policy of, 59, 69, 92, 93.

_Herbert_, British Admiral,
commands allied English and Dutch fleets at battle of Beachy Head, 182.

_Holland._ See under Colonies, Commerce, Commerce-Destroying,
Geographical Position, Government, Inhabitants, character and number
of, Naval Policy, Naval Tactics (Ruyter's), Sea Power, Strategy.

_Hood_, Sir Samuel, afterward Lord, British Admiral,
trait of subordination in, 356 (note);
action with De Grasse off Martinique, 383;
sent by Rodney to America with fourteen ships, 389, 390;
second in command in action off Chesapeake, 391;
temporary chief command in West Indies, 469;
brilliant action at St. Christopher's Island, 470-476;
junction with Rodney, 479;
partial action of April 9, 1782, 481-483;
at battle of the Saints, 486-490, 49