the bastard, of woman, of the child, and

* to recover for the human community all its inferior members, foreign
or degraded, which the ancient constitution of the family and of the
city had excluded from it.

Therefore Napoleon could find the outlines of his construction in
the political, legislative, and judicial organizations extending from
Diocletian to Constantine, and beyond these down to Theodosius. At the
base, popular sovereignty;[2335] the powers of the people delegated
unconditionally to one man. This omnipotence conferred, theoretically or
apparently, through the free choice of citizens, but really through the
will of the army. No protection against the Prince's arbitrary edict,
except a no less arbitrary rescript from the same hand. His successor
designated, adopted, and qualified by himself. A senate for show, a
council of state for administration; all local powers conferred from
above; cities under tutelage. All subjects endowed with the showy
title of citizen, and all citizens reduced to the humble condition of
taxpayers and of people under control. An administration of a hundred
thousand officials taking all services into its hands, comprising public
instruction, public succor, and public supplies of food, together
with systems of worship. This was at first pagan cults, and after
Constantine, the Christian cult. All these services were classified,
ranked, co-coordinated, carefully defined in such a way as not to
encroach on each other, and carefully combined in such a way as to
complete each other. An immense hierarchy of transferable functionaries
was kept at work from above on one hundred and eighty square leagues of
territory; thirty populations of different race and language-Syrians,
Egyptians, Numidians, Spaniards, Gauls, Britons, Germans, Greeks,
Italians--subject to the same uniform Regime. The territory was divided
like a checker-board, on arithmetical and geometrical principles, into
one hundred or one hundred and twenty small provinces; old nations or
States dismembered and purposely cut up so as to put an end forever to
natural, spontaneous, and viable groups. A minute and verified census
taking place every fifteen years to correctly assign land taxes. An
official and universal language; a State system of worship, and, very
soon, a Church and State orthodoxy. A systematic code of laws, full
and precise, admirable for the rule of private life, a sort of moral
geometry in which the theorems, r