onomist, a
member of the same family as the preceding, was born at Aschaffenburg on
the 18th of December 1844. He received some of his academical education
in Dublin. In 1868 he made a thorough study of trade-unionism in
England, which resulted in his principal work, _Die Arbeitergilden der
Gegenwart_ (Leipzig, 1871-1872; Eng. trans, by L.T. Smith). The book was
assailed by Bamberger and other economists, but is important not only as
an authority on modern associations of workmen, but for having given an
impetus to the study of the gilds of the middle ages, and the
examination of the great stores of neglected information bearing upon
the condition of the people in olden days. Brentano's other works are of
a more theoretical character, and chiefly relate to political economy,
of which he was professor at Breslau from 1872 to 1882, at Strassburg
from 1882 to 1888, at Vienna 1888-1889, at Leipzig 1889-1891, and at
Munich since 1891. We may mention _Das Arbeitsverhaltnis gemass dem
heutigen Recht_ (1877); _Die christlich-soziale Bewegung in England_
(1883); _Uber das Verhaltnis von Arbeitslohn und Arbeitszeit zur
Arbeitsleistung_ (1893); _Agrarpolitik_ (1897).

BRENTFORD, a market town in the Brentford parliamentary division of
Middlesex, England, 10-1/2 m. W. of Waterloo terminus, London, by the
London & South-Western railway, at the junction of the river Brent with
the Thames. Pop. of urban district (1901) 15,171. The Grand Junction
Canal joins the Brent, affording ample water-communications to the town,
which has considerable industries in brewing, soap-making, saw-milling,
market-gardening, &c. The Grand Junction waterworks are situated here.
Brentford has been the county-town for elections since 1701.

In 1016 Brentford, or, as it was often called Braynford, was the scene
of a great defeat inflicted on the Danes by Edmund Ironside. In 1280 a
toll was granted by Edward I., who granted the town a market, for the
construction of a bridge across the river, and in the reign of Henry VI.
a hospital of the Nine Orders of Angels was founded near its western
side. In 1642 a battle was fought here in which the royalists defeated
the parliamentary forces. For his services on this occasion the Scotsman
Ruthven, earl of Forth, was made earl of Brentford, a title afterwards
conferred by William III. on Marshal Schomberg. Brentford was during the
16th and 17th centuries a favourite resort of London citizens; and its
inn of the