urope. At the present day, the poorer Jews in large
English cities make a great consumption of bream--and other Cyprinids,
most of them being imported alive from Holland and sold in the Jewish
fish markets. In America the name bream is commonly given to the golden
shiner minnow (_Abramis chrysoleucus_), to the pumpkin-seed sunfish
(_Eupomotis gibbosus_), and to some kinds of porgy (_Sparidae_).

BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, of the Ger. _Brust_,
possibly connected with an O. Sax. _brustian_, to bud), the term
properly confined to the external projecting parts of the thorax in
females, which contain the mammary glands (for anatomy, and diseases,
see MAMMARY GLAND); more generally it is used of the external part of
the thorax in animals, including man, lying between the neck and the
abdomen.

BREAUTE, FALKES DE (d. 1226), one of the foreign mercenaries of King
John of England, from whom he received in marriage the heiress of the
earldom of Devon. On the outbreak of the Barons' War (1215) the king
gave him the sheriffdoms of six midland shires and the custody of many
castles. He fulfilled his military duties with as much skill as cruelty.
The royalists owed to his daring the decisive victory of Lincoln (1217).
But after the death of William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, Falkes joined
the feudal opposition in conspiring against Hubert de Burgh. Deprived in
1223 of most of his honours, he was drawn into a rebellion by the
imprudence of his brother, who captured a royal justice and threw him
into prison (1224). Falkes was allowed to go into exile after his
submission, and endeavoured to obtain a pardon through the mediation of
Pope Honorius III. But this was refused, and Falkes died at St Cyriac in
1226.

See Shirley, _Royal Letters_, vol. i.; the _Patent_ and _Close Rolls_;
Pauli, _Geschichte von England_, vol. i. pp. 540-545. (H. W. C. D.)

BRECCIA, in petrology, the name given to rocks consisting of angular
fragments embedded in a matrix. They may be composed of volcanic rocks,
limestones, siliceous charts, sandstones, in fact of any kind of
material, and the matrix, which usually corresponds to some extent to
the fragments it encloses, may be siliceous, calcareous, argillaceous,
&c. The distinctive character of the group is the sharp-edged and unworn
shapes of the fragments; in conglomerates the pebbles are rounded and
water-worn, having been transported by waves and currents from