ge must remain unsolved. It may be through
minute and plentiful secondary spores.

[Illustration: FIG. 58.--Pseudospores of _Thecaphora hyalina_.]

[Illustration: FIG. 59.--Pseudospores of _Puccinia_.]

[Illustration: FIG. 60.--Pseudospores of _Triphragmium_.]

[Illustration: FIG. 61.--Pseudospores of _Phragmidium bulbosum_.]

[Illustration: FIG. 62.--_Melampsora salicina._ (Winter fruit.)]

SPERMATIA are very minute delicate bodies found associated with many
of the epiphyllous _Coniomycetes_, and it has been supposed are
produced in conjunction with some of the _Sphaeriacei_, but their real
function is at present obscure, and the name is applied rather upon
conjecture than knowledge. It is by no means improbable that spermatia
do exist extensively amongst fungi, but we must wait in patience for
the history of their relationship.

TRICHOSPORES might be applied better, perhaps, than _conidia_ to the
spores which are produced on the threads of the _Hyphomycetes_. Some of
them are known to be the conidia of higher plants; but as this is by no
means the case with all, it would be assuming too much to give the
name of conidia to the whole. By whatever name they may be called, the
spores of the _Hyphomycetes_ are of quite a different type from any yet
mentioned, approximating, perhaps, most closely to the basidiospores
of the _Hymenomycetes_ in some, and _Gasteromycetes_ in others; as,
for instance, in the _Sepedoniei_ and the _Trichodermacei_. The
form of the spores and their size differ materially, as well as the
manner in which they are produced on the threads. In many they are
very minute and profuse, but larger and less plentiful in the
_Dematiei_ than in the _Mucedines_. The spores of some species of
_Helminthosporium_ are large and multiseptate, calling to mind the
spores of the _Melanconiei_. Others are very curious, being stellate in
_Triposporium_, circinate in _Helicoma_ and _Helicocoryne_, angular in
_Gonatosporium_, and ciliate in _Menispora ciliata_. Some are produced
singly and some in chains, and in some the threads are nearly
obsolete. In _Peronospora_, it has been demonstrated that certain
species produce minute zoospores from the so-called spores. The
dissemination of the minute spores of the _Mucedines_ through the
air is undoubted; rain also certainly assists not only in the
dispersion of the spores in this as in other groups, but also in the
production of zoospores which require moisture for that