," vol. vii. (1869); translated in
"Transactions of N. Y. State Agricultural Society for 1870."

[J] Berkeley, on the "Propagation of Bunt," in "Trans. Hort. Soc.
London," ii. (1847), p. 113; Tulasne, second memoir, in "Ann.
des. Sci. Nat." ii. (4^me ser.), p. 77; Cooke, in "Journ.
Quekett Micro. Club," i. p. 170.

[K] De Bary, "Recherches," &c. in "Annales des Sciences Naturelles"
(4^me ser.), xx. p. 5; Cooke in "Pop. Sci. Rev." iii. (1864),
p. 459.

[L] This is the mould which produces the potato murrain.

[M] De Bary, "Champignons parasitiques," in "Annales des Sci. Nat."
(4^me ser.), xx. p. 5; Cooke, "Microscopic Fungi," cap. xi. p.
138; "Popular Science Review," iii. 193 (1864).

[N] Van Tieghem and Le Monnier, "Researches on Mucorini," in "Ann.
des Sci. Nat." (1873), xvii. p. 261; Summary in "Quart. Journ.
Micro. Science" (2nd ser.), xiv. p. 49.

[O] Seynes, "Essai d'une Flore Mycologique."

[P] Boudier, "Memoire sur l'Ascoboles," pt. i. iv. f. 13-15.

[Q] Coemans, "Spicilege Mycologique," i. p. 6.

[R] Woronin, "Abhandlungen der Senchenbergischen Naturfor.
Gesellschaft" (1865), p. 333.

[S] In the very important observations made by Dr. Cunningham at
Calcutta, on substances floating in the atmosphere, it appeared
that the sporidia of many _Sphaeriae_ actually germinated after
being taken up by the air. The multitude of fungus spores which
were observed in every case was quite extraordinary.

VIII.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION.

The existence of some sort of sexual reproduction in Fungi has long been
suspected, although in earlier instances upon insufficient grounds; but
of late years observations have multiplied and facts accumulated which
leave no doubt of its existence. If the _Saprolegniae_ are left out of the
question as disputed Fungi, there still remain a number of well
authenticated instances of the phenomena of copulation, and many other
facts which indicate some sort of sexual relationship. The precise
manner in which those minute bodies, so common amongst the _Sphaeronemei_,
which we prefer to call stylospores, perform their functions is still to a
great extent a mystery; yet it is no longer doubted that certain species
of _Aposphaeria_, _Phoma_, _Septoria_, &c., are only conditions of some
species of _Sphaeria_, often developed and matured in close proxim