Zeitschrift," No. 3, 1870.

[b] Fuckel, "Symbolae Mycologicae" (1869), p. 49.

[c] Almost simultaneously with De Bary, the late Professor Oersted
instituted experiments, from which the same results ensued, as
to _AEcidium berberidis_ and _Puccinia graminis_. See "Journ.
Hort. Soc. Lond." new ser. i., p. 85.

[d] "Oversigt over det Kon. Danske Videns. Selskabs" (1866), p. 185,
t. 3, 4; (1867,) p. 208, t. 3, 4; "Resume du Bulletin de la
Soc. Roy. Danoise des Sciences" (1866), p. 15; (1867), p. 38;
"Botanische Zeitung" (1867), p. 104; "Quekett Microscopical
Club Journal," vol. ii. p. 260.

[e] This is _Podisoma foliicola_, B. and Br., or, as proposed in
"Journ. Quekett Club," ii. p. 267, _Sarcostroma Berkeleyi_, C.

[f] Tulasne, "Selecta Fungorum Carpologia," iii. p. 6, pl. i. figs.
19-31.

[g] Cramer's "Papilio Exotic" (1782), fig. 267.

[h] Cooke, "Handbook," p. 548, No. 1639.

[i] Ibid. p. 556, No. 1666.

[j] Specimens were published under this name in Cooke's "Fungi
Britannici Exsiccati," No. 359.

[k] Cooke, "On Polymorphism in Fungi," in "Popular Science Review."

[l] Lewis's "Report on Microscopic Objects found in Cholera
Evacuations," Calcutta, 1870.

[m] Tulasne, "Selecta Fungorum Carpologia," ii. p. 261.

[n] Corda, "Prachtflora," plate vii.

X.

INFLUENCES AND EFFECTS.

It is no longer doubted that fungi exercise a large and very important
influence in the economy of nature. It may be that in some directions
these influences are exaggerated; but it is certain that on the whole
their influence is far more important for evil and for good than that
of any other of the Cryptogamia. In our endeavour to estimate the
character and extent of these influences it will prove advantageous to
examine them under three sections. 1. Their influence on man. 2. Their
influence on lower animals. 3. Their influence on vegetation. Under
these sections the chief facts may be grouped, and some approximate
idea obtained of the very great importance of this family of inferior
plants, and consequently the advisability of pursuing their study more
thoroughly and nationally than has hitherto been done.

I. In estimating the influence of fungi upon man, we naturally enough
seek in the first instance to know what baneful effects they are
capable of producing on food. Although in the case of "poison