ination before the other, but both simultaneously.
When the sporules are produced, the protospore, somewhat analogous
to a prothallus, has performed its functions and decays. Towards
the time of the falling of the sporules they are nearly all divided
into four unequal cells by transverse and parallel septa. These
sporules in time produce, from any point on their surface, a
filament, which reproduces a new sporule, resembling the first, but
generally smaller. This sporule of the second generation ordinarily
detaches itself from its support before germinating.

[Illustration: FIG. 85.--Germinating pseudospore of _Puccinia Moliniae_.
(Tulasne.)]

[Illustration: FIG. 86.--Germinating pseudospore of _Triphragmium
ulmariae_ (Tulasne.)]

The pseudospores of _Triphragmium ulmariae_ have been seen in April
germinating on old leaves of the meadowsweet which survived the
winter, whilst at the same time new tufts of the spores were being
developed on the leaves of the year. These fruits of the spring
vegetation would not germinate the same year. Each cell in germination
emits a long cylindrical filament, containing a brownish protoplasm,
on which four spicules, bearing as many sporules, are generated.

[Illustration: FIG. 87.--Germinating pseudospore of _Phragmidium
bulbosum_. (Tulasne.)]

The germination of the black fruits of _Phragmidium_ only appears to
take place in the spring. It greatly resembles that in _Puccinia_,
except that the filament is shorter, and the sporules are spherical
and orange-coloured, instead of being kidney-shaped and pale. In the
species found on the leaves of the common bramble, the filament
emitted by each cell attains three or four times the length of the
fruit. The granular orange protoplasm which fills it passes ere long
into the sporules, which are engendered at the extremity of pointed
spicules. After the long warty fruits are emptied of their contents
they still seem as dark as before, but the pores which are pierced in
the sides, through which the germinating filaments have proceeded, are
more distinctly visible.

It will be observed that throughout all these allied genera of
_Uromyces_, _Puccinia_, _Triphragmium_, and _Phragmidium_ the same
type of germination prevails, which confirms the accuracy of their
classification together, and renders still less probable the supposed
affinity of _Phragmidium_ with _Sporidesmium_, which was at one time
held by very astute mycologists, but which i