owest point: Lake Albert 621 m
highest point: Margherita (Mount Stanley) 5,110 m

Natural resources: copper, cobalt, limestone, salt

Land use:
arable land: 23%
permanent crops: 9%
meadows and pastures: 25%
forest and woodland: 30%
other: 13%

Irrigated land: 90 sq km (1989 est.)

Environment:
current issues: draining of wetlands for agricultural use;
deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching is widespread
natural hazards: NA
international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation,
Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not
ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification

Geographic note: landlocked

People
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Population: 20,158,176 (July 1996 est.)

Age structure:
0-14 years: 50% (male 5,006,615; female 4,972,831)
15-64 years: 48% (male 4,842,908; female 4,874,471)
65 years and over: 2% (male 231,156; female 230,195) (July 1996 est.)

Population growth rate: 2.24% (1996 est.)

Birth rate: 45.92 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Death rate: 20.72 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Net migration rate: -2.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
note: Uganda is host to refugees from a number of neighboring
countries, including Zaire, Sudan, and Rwanda; probably in excess of
100,000 southern Sudanese fled to Uganda during the past year; many
of the 8,000 Rwandans who took refuge in Uganda have returned home

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female
all ages: 1 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 99.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 40.29 years
male: 39.98 years
female: 40.6 years (1996 est.)

Total fertility rate: 6.61 children born/woman (1996 est.)

Nationality:
noun: Ugandan(s)
adjective: Ugandan

Ethnic divisions: Baganda 17%, Karamojong 12%, Basogo 8%, Iteso
8%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Bunyoro
3%, Batobo 3%, European, Asian, Arab 1%, other 23%

Religions: Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%,
indigenous beliefs 18%

Languages: English (official), Luganda, Swahili, Bantu languages,
Nilotic languages

Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
total population: 6