er a
bridge into the city. Why?

12

Look at some pictures of islands and notice how many kinds there are.
Some are all wooded. Others are covered with fields. Notice one that is
rocky and steep, and another that is level and built into a city.

Some islands are so large as to have many cities built upon them, and
there are many farms and dense woods besides upon the same islands. Some
have many rivers flowing through them.

If you were on a large island, how could you prove that it was an
island? If you wanted to leave it, how could you do so? Notice on the
map of our neighborhood whether a river with islands in it is shown.

13

Sometimes a piece of land has water flowing only part way around it. If
you take a boat and try to go all around it, you will come to a place
where the boat cannot go because there is land there. This land that is
nearly an island, but does not have the water completely around it, is
called a _peninsula_. Where have you seen a peninsula?

CHAPTER X

DIRECTION

A LESSON IN THE SCHOOL YARD AT NOON TIME

Face the sun. We are facing the south. Does the sun always lie south of
us? Where was it early this morning when it arose? That was east. Where
will it be at sunset? That is west. Move your hand to show the sun's
daily journey from east to south to west. The sun is south of us only at
noon time.

[Illustration]

Face your shadow. Now the sun is behind you. What direction is back of
you? You are facing north. Look at the shadows of the school, of the
fence, of the pole, and of all the other children. They are all falling
to the north. Can you make your shadow fall east or west or south? Why
not? When only will shadows fall north? Can you think of any time when
the shadows would fall east or west? Could they ever fall south? Why
not?

2

Draw this diagram on the yard pavement, and mark the parts that are
north, south, east and west. Stand at the middle of the cross. Face
north. What is behind you? What direction is at your right side and
which is at your left side? Learn these words:

"When I face the north the south is behind me; the east is at my right
hand and the west is at my left hand."

If you pass a weather vane on your way home, see if you can read the
letters on it and find out what they mean.

3

With soft chalk draw a line on your desk with one end toward the north
and one end toward the south. Mark N for north and S for south. Draw a
line acro