ws to graze upon. Still others are
planted with corn, wheat, rye or vegetables. There are wooded hills
covered with trees. How do we know that all of these very different
forms are hills?

In the same way plains vary greatly. While some have been made into city
streets, others are large, flat, grassy fields, with streams sometimes
flowing through them. Some plains are covered with forests. Others are
planted with grain and vegetables. How can you know when you see a plain
if there are so many different kinds?

3

Look through the pictures in this book and decide which show hills and
which show plains. Which is easier for a farmer to plow, a hill or a
plain? Why?

If you were sent upon an errand, would you choose to go by way of a
hilly road or by a level one? Which is the pleasantest place for a
summer home, upon a hill or upon a plain?

How must a driver help his horses when they are pulling a heavy load up
or down a hill?

4

MOUNTAINS AND VALLEYS

Some hills are so very, very high that they have been called
_mountains_. What are our neighboring mountains named? Have you ever
been to the top of one of these mountains? Describe the beautiful view
from the summit. Did you see any wild creatures along the way? Tell
about any trees and other plants that you noticed.

When people build homes in mountain regions they generally place them in
the low land between the high mountains. Why? This lower land is called
a _valley_. The people in the valley town can often look beyond the
fields and see the mountains rising high and steep beyond. Some
mountains are covered with trees. At places you may see great bare,
rough rocks on the mountain side. The scenery is very beautiful. There
are often streams and broad rivers down in the valley.

[Illustration: THE UPPER DELAWARE.]

Many lumbermen work on the mountains. Why do they cut down the trees?
The mountains give the miners work too. The men go far into the mines to
bring out the useful minerals. Are there any mines in the mountains
near our home? What do the miners take from these mines?

[Illustration: AN OCEAN STEAMSHIP.
(Copyright, 1911, William H. Rau, Philadelphia.)]

5

RIVERS

What _river_ flows near our home? Have you ever seen it? Where were you
when you saw it? How did it look? What did you notice along its banks?
What was on the river? Was there any way of crossing over to the
opposite bank?

Did you see where the boats land? Men have bui