163
Sec.5. Restatement of the _Dictum_ for material reasoning 165
Sec.6. Uses of the Syllogism 167
Sec.7. Analysis of the Uniformity of Nature, considered as the
formal ground of all reasoning 169
Sec.8. Grounds of our belief in Uniformity 173

CHAPTER XIV

CAUSATION

Sec.1. The most important aspect of Uniformity in relation to
Induction is Causation 174
Sec.2. Definition of "Cause" explained: five marks of Causation 175
Sec.3. How strictly the conception of Cause can be applied
depends upon the subject under investigation 183
Sec.4. Scientific conception of Effect. Plurality of Causes 185
Sec.5. Some condition, but not the whole cause, may long precede
the Effect; and some co-effect, but not the whole effect,
may long survive the Cause 187
Sec.6. Mechanical Causes and the homogeneous Intermixture of Effects;
Chemical Causes and the heteropathic Intermixture of Effects 188
Sec.7. Tendency, Resultant, Counteraction, Elimination, Resolution,
Analysis, Reciprocity 189

CHAPTER XV

INDUCTIVE METHOD

Sec.1. Outline of Inductive investigation 192
Sec.2. Induction defined 196
Sec.3. "Perfect Induction" 196
Sec.4. Imperfect Induction methodical or immethodical 197
Sec.5. Observation and Experiment, the material ground of
Induction, compared 198
Sec.6. The principle of Causation is the formal ground of Induction 201
Sec.7. The Inductive Canons are derived from the principle of
Causation, the more readily to detect it in facts observed 202

CHAPTER XVI

THE CANONS OF DIRECT INDUCTION

Sec.1. The Canon of Agreement 206
Negative Instances (p. 208);
Plurality of Causes (p. 208)
Agreement may show connection without direct Causation (p. 209)
Sec.2. The Canon of Agreement in Presence and in Absence 212
It tends to disprove a Plurality of Causes (p. 213)
Sec.3. The Canon of Difference