Co-existence of concrete things to be deduced from
Causation (p. 297)
Sec.5. Explanation consists in tracing resemblance, especially
of Causation 299
Sec.6. Three modes of Explanation 302
Analysis (p. 302);
Concatenation (p. 302);
Subsumption (p. 303)
Sec.7. Limits of Explanation 305
Sec.8. Analogy 307

CHAPTER XX

PROBABILITY

Sec.1. Meaning of Chance and Probability 310
Sec.2. Probability as a fraction or proportion 312
Sec.3. Probability depends upon experience and statistics 313
Sec.4. It is a kind of Induction, and pre-supposes Causation 315
Sec.5. Of Averages and the Law of Error 318
Sec.6. Interpretation of probabilities 324
Personal Equation (p. 325);
meaning of 'Expectation' (p. 325)
Sec.7. Rules of the combination of Probabilities 325
Detection of a hidden Cause (p. 326);
oral tradition (p. 327);
circumstantial and analogical evidence (p. 328)

CHAPTER XXI

DIVISION AND CLASSIFICATION

Sec.1. Classification, scientific, special and popular 330
Sec.2. Uses of classification 332
Sec.3. Classification, Deductive and Inductive 334
Sec.4. Division, or Deductive Classification: its Rules 335
Sec.5. Rules for testing a Division 337
Sec.6. Inductive Classification 339
Sec.7. Difficulty of Natural Classification 341
Sec.8. Darwin's influence on the theory of Classification 342
Sec.9. Classification of Inorganic Bodies also dependent on Causation 346

CHAPTER XXII

NOMENCLATURE, DEFINITION, PREDICABLES

Sec.1. Precise thinking needs precise language 348
Sec.2. Nomenclature and Terminology 349
Sec.3. Definition 352
Sec.4. Rules for testing a Definition 352
Sec.5. Every Definition is relative to a Classification