der. Sometimes a small ball made of the green leaves is
placed between the teeth and upper lip, where it remains until all the
flavor has been extracted.

The outfits for betel nut and tobacco, aside from the brass boxes which
fasten at the side, are generally carried in the sacks worn on the backs
of the men or in the elaborate shoulder bags worn by the women. However,
a small waterproof box is frequently seen attached to a man's belt, and
in this he carries his betel nut, tobacco, and fire-making outfit.

The usual method of making fire is by the use of flint and steel, but
when this is not at hand a flame can be quickly obtained by rubbing two
pieces of bamboo rapidly together until the friction produces a spark.

HUNTING AND FISHING.

Since only a few domesticated animals and fowls are found in a
settlement, the greater part of the meat supply is secured by hunting
and fishing.

Deer and wild pig are taken by means of spears. The hunter either lies
in wait near the runways of the game, or the animals are driven toward
the spot where the huntsmen are concealed. For this purpose the ordinary
lance (Figs. 15a, b and c) is often used, but a more effective weapon is
the spear known as _kalawat_ (Fig. 15d). In this the metal head fits
loosely into a long shaft to which it is attached by a rope. As soon as
the weapon enters the body of the animal the head pulls out of the
shaft, and this trails behind until it becomes entangled in the
undergrowth, thus putting the game at the mercy of the hunter. Dead
falls and pits are put in the runways, and a frightened animal is
sometimes impaled on concealed sharpened bamboo sticks. Less frequently,
large animals are secured by means of rope loops which hang from trees
past which the game is accustomed to pass. Until recent years the
_balatik_, a trap which when sprung throws an arrow with great force
against the animal which releases it, was much used but so many domestic
animals have been killed by it that this sort of trap is now in
disfavor.

FIG. 15. SPEARS USED IN FIGHTING AND HUNTING.

Wild chickens are captured by means of snares (Fig. 16). A tame rooster
is fastened in the jungle and around him is placed a snare, consisting
of running knots attached to a central band. The crowing of this fowl
soon attracts the wild birds which, coming in to fight, are almost sure
to become entangled in one of the nooses. Slip loops, attached to a bent
twig and released by disturbing t