iths.

VIII. Baitpandi. A female spirit who taught the women to weave, and who
now presides over the looms and the weavers.

IX. and X. Toglai, also called Si Niladan and Maniladan, and his wife
Toglibon. The first man and woman to live on the earth. They gave to the
people their language and customs. After their death they became
spirits, and are now responsible for all marriages and births. By some
people Toglai is believed to be one of the judges over the shades of the
dead, while in Bansalan he is identified with Eugpamolak Manobo.

XI. Tigyama. A class of spirits, one of whom looks after each family.
When children marry, the _tigyama_ of the two families unite to form one
who thereafter guards the couple. While usually well disposed they are
capable of killing those who fail to show them respect, or who violate
the rules governing family life.

XII. Diwata. A class of numerous spirits who serve Eugpamolak Manobo.

XIII. Anito. A name applied to a great body of spirits, some of whom are
said formerly to have been people. They know all medicines and cures for
illness, and it is from them that the _mabalian_ secures her knowledge
and her power. They also assist the _tigyama_ in caring for the
families.

XIV. Buso. Mean, evil spirits who eat dead people and have some power to
injure the living. A young Bagobo described his idea of a _buso_ as
follows: "He has a long body, long feet and neck, curly hair, and black
face, flat nose, and one big red or yellow eye. He has big feet and
fingers, but small arms, and his two big teeth are long and pointed.
Like a dog he goes about eating anything, even dead persons." As already
noted, the people of Malilla are inclined to identify the _gimokod_ of
the left side with this evil class.

XV. Tagamaling. Evil spirits who dwell in big trees.

XVI. Tigbanua. Ill disposed beings inhabiting rocks and cliffs in the
mountains. These last two classes are frequently confused with the
_buso_.

In addition to these, the old men of Malilla gave the following:

1. Tagareso. Low spirits who cause people to become angry and to do
little evil deeds. In some cases they cause insanity.

2. Sarinago. Spirits who steal rice. It is best to appease them,
otherwise the supply of rice will vanish rapidly.

3. Tagasoro. Beings who cause sudden anger which results in quarrels and
death. They are the ones who furnish other spirits with human flesh.

4 and 5. Balinonok and his wife Balinsogo. T