frankly royalist, caused serious riots in the
south. At Marseilles, Aix and other towns many Jacobins were killed,
and so grave did the situation appear that on the {231} 10th the
Committee of Public Safety was given enlarged powers, and throwing
itself back, relaxed its severity against the Jacobins. Ten days later
came a second famine riot, the insurrection of the 1st of Prairial, a
mob honey-combed with Jacobin and reactionary agitators invading the
Convention as in Germinal, and clamouring for bread and a constitution.
The disorder in the assembly was grave and long continued. One member
was killed. But the Government succeeded in getting national guards to
the scene; and in the course of the next two days poured 20,000 regular
troops into the city. Order was easily restored. Several executions
took place. And the Convention voted the creation of a permanent guard
for its protection.

Royalism had been raising its head fast since Thermidor. The blows of
the Convention even after the 1st of Prairial, had been mostly aimed at
Jacobinism. The royalists were looking to a new constitution as an
opportunity for a moderate monarchical form of government, with the
little Dauphin as king, under the tutelage of a strong regency that
would maintain the essential things of the Revolution. Their
aspirations were far from unreasonable, far from impossible, until, on
{232} the 10th of June, death barred the way by removing the young
Prince. The details of his detention at the Temple are perhaps the
most repellent in the whole history of the Revolution. Separated from
his mother and his aunt, the Princess Elizabeth, who followed the Queen
to the scaffold, he was deliberately ill used by Simon and those who
followed him as custodians, so that after Thermidor he was found in an
indescribable state of filth and ill health. His treatment after that
date was improved, but his health was irretrievably broken, so that
when, in the early part of 1795, the royalists and many moderates began
to look towards the Temple for the solution of the constitutional
question, the Committee of Public Safety began to hope for the boy's
death. This hope was in part translated into action. The Dauphin was
not given such quarters, such food, or such medical attendance, as his
condition required, and his death was wilfully hastened by the
Government. How important a factor he really was appeared by the
elation displayed by the republicans ov