hers of the Sultan of Sakkatou,
obtained from my Fellatah informant of Gurai. A difference of
pronunciation will be observed in the Arab names, as they are
transmitted through the Fellatah language. Aliu (for Ali), name of the
Sultan himself and one of his brothers; Mallaidi; Amadu (Ahmed), Omeru
(Omer, two of this name), Mahammedu (Mahammed), Mogari; Amadu Bedai;
Alhattu; Moho; Isa (two of this name); Amadu el-Fai; Musa;
Abd-el-Kaderi, and Abd-el-Walli. These are the names of all the brothers
which he has heard. The first minister is called Galladima. The Kadi is
El-Hali el-Haj; Inna is the generalissimo; Mohammed Wuddeggen, Muddebri
Ali, Bu Beker, Manuri, and Gudundi, are names of other grandees and
generals. The horse-dealer speaks of them with great familiarity, for he
sells to them all. His own country is called Kabi, situated to the
south-west of Sakkatou. He gave me the particulars of the route.[23]

[23] See Appendix.

_21st._--This morning the weather was cool, the thermometer standing at
56 deg., with a fresh wind. We had a visit early from the Kadi. I asked him
why he did not plant date-trees in the fine valley under the village. He
replied, "From whence shall I procure them?" I answered, "From Tungari
(a place west, three days distant)." At this he looked very stupid.
These Minyo negroes have no idea of improving their condition. His reply
may serve for all the country hereabouts.

Minyo and its large province is called by its aboriginal names Manga. It
extends south-east to a river, on the other side of which begins Bornou
Proper. But the people of Manga speak the same language as the
Bornouese. Zinder belongs to the circle of Soudan, and its province is
called Damagram.

Mohammed, my interpreter, pretends he saw elephants to-day at a
considerable distance, looking like black trees. Probably to-morrow we
may fall in with some animals worth seeing. I observed two or three
swallows, the first this year. We stop here to-day to rest. The animals
are knocked up, and the Kashalla has lost a horse.

It is from this Manga province that many of the villages of Damerghou
are populated. Formerly the Tuaricks of that province made razzias on
these out-lying provinces, with the produce of which they increased the
number of their subjects.

An European must needs show off in this country. Yesterday I was obliged
to exhibit to all the village,--about a hundred people,--and to-day to
as many more. It is very fortun