ge.

Washa, seven hours: town and residence of a sultan.

Kakibarai, three hours. This place consists of three villages; one upon
the rocky hills, one on the slope, and one under the rocks. At Washa
there are also rocks; the rest of the route is flat. From Washa to
Kakibarai there is a most copious supply of water.

Gordo, ten hours: large village.

Eshkakato, two hours: large village.

Tumbi, two hours: town and residence of a sultan. Omitting one place,
the name of which was not remembered, then follows:

Maidabara, one hour.

Gumel, two hours: town and residence of a sultan.

Tukkenzuru, one hour.

Bermanaua, one hour: large village.

Elladi, one hour. Here terminates the territory of Bornou.

Garki, two hours: a very populous place, and said to be the residence of
seven sultans (or governors). Here begins the territory of the
Fellatahs.

Dago, three hours.

Kuka Maifurra, two hours.

Kuka Mairua, one hour and a half.

Gubbasaua, two hours.

Souk (name not remembered), two hours.

Gaizaua, two hours: a large place.

Sharo, one hour. Here are three running streams, each separated by about
a quarter of an hour's ride.

Zango, a quarter of an hour. From Sharo to Kanou there are no less than
thirty small villages.

Kanou, a quarter of an hour. The whole of the route, with the exception
of the rocks of Washa and Kakibarai, is flat, and trees are scattered
along all the road. From Gumel to Dogo there is a forest, and from
Kakibarai to Gordo the country is covered with the doom-palm. In all the
towns and villages above enumerated is found a good supply of water. The
portion of Bornouese territory is sandy, and that of the Fellatah's good
earthy soil.

* * * * *

_Routes from Zinder to Kuka: first route, via Minyo._

From Zinder to

Zarmu, half a day; village. (The half day is from four to five hours.)

Ginnewa, half a day; village.

Majia, seven hours; village.

Minyo, half a day; town and residence of a sultan of considerable power
and influence.

Alkammaram, seven hours; well.

Kadalafua, seven hours; large village.

Birribirchi, seven hours; well.

Kagarwa, half a day; large village.

Karragu-fillai, three hours.

Gurrutua, half a day; town, and residence of a sultan.

Zangairi, name of a river and a village, three hours. Here is a large
river, which, however, is dry in summer. Most of these rivers are dry
during the two or three hot months.