unds for their position. American authors are manufacturers, who are
simply asking, first, that they shall not be undersold in their home
market by goods imported from abroad on which no (ownership) duty has
been paid,--which have, namely, been simply "appropriated;" and
secondly, that the government may facilitate their efforts to secure a
sale for their own goods in foreign markets. These are claims with
which a protectionist who is interested in developing American industry
ought certainly to be in sympathy.

The contingency that troubles him, however, is the possibility that,
if the English author is given the right to sell his books in this
country the copies sold may be to a greater or less extent
manufactured in England, and the business of making these copies may
be lost to American printers, binders, and paper men. He is namely,
much more concerned for the protection of the makers of the _material
casing_ of the book than for that of the author who creates its
essential substance.

It is evidently to the advantage of the consumer, upon whose interests
the Philadelphia resolutions laid so much stress, that the labor of
preparing the editions of his books be economized as much as possible.

The principal portion of the cost of a first edition of a book is the
setting of the type, or, if the work is illustrated, in the setting of
the type and the designing and engraving of the illustrations.

If this first cost of stereotyping and engraving can be divided among
several editions, say one for Great Britain, one for the United
States, and one for Canada and the other colonies, it is evident that
the proportion to be charged to each copy printed is less, and that
the selling price per copy can be smaller, than would be the case if
this first cost has got to be repeated in full for each market.

It is then to the advantage of the consumer that, whatever copyright
arrangement be made, nothing shall stand in the way of foreign
stereotypes and illustrations being duplicated for use here whenever
the foreign edition is in such shape as to render this duplicating an
advantage and a saving in cost.

The few protectionists who have expressed themselves in favor of an
international copyright measure, and some others who have fears as to
our publishing interests being able to hold their own against any open
competition, insist upon the condition that foreign works to obtain
copyright must be wholly remanufactured and repu