ng
through a narrow fertile valley--the favourite position for Cistercian
abbeys. The monks came originally from Savigny in Normandy. Having
become very richly endowed, the foundation of the abbey was confirmed by
the charters of twelve successive sovereigns and the bulls of various
popes. Remarkable privileges were given to the abbot, who had great
authority in the whole of the surrounding district, even the military
element being, to a certain extent, dependent upon him.

A register known as the Abbot's Mortuary was kept at Furness throughout
three centuries. This was almost unique among Cistercian monasteries,
for only names of those abbots who, having presided for ten years,
continued at the abbey and died abbots there, were entered in the
register. During 277 years, therefore, only ten names were written upon
the pages. When Henry VIII., in 1537, suppressed Furness Abbey, it was
surrendered by Roger Pyke, who was abbot at the time.

The ruins of the abbey to be seen to-day are of Norman and Early English
character, and the general hue of the stone-work is a ruddy brown. Their
massive appearance almost suggests a shattered castle; but the share the
abbey took in military matters is better illustrated from the fact that
they built a watch-tower on the top of a hill rising from the walls of
the monastery, and commanding a view over the sea and the whole district
known as Low Furness. From this height the monks on watch were enabled
to give warning by signals of the approach of an enemy. The painted
glass, formerly in the east window, was removed many years ago to the
east window of Bowness Church in Westmorland.

[Illustration: _Photochrom Co., Ltd._

FURNESS ABBEY.

It was founded in 1127, and gradually grew in importance until even the
military element in the district became to some extent dependent upon
the abbot.]

MONKWEARMOUTH, NEAR JARROW

THE HOME OF THE "VENERABLE BEDE"

=How to get there.=--Train from King's Cross. Great Northern Rly.
=Nearest Station.=--Jarrow (2 miles north-east from Monkton).
=Distance from London.=--268 miles.
=Average Time.=--Varies between 5-1/4 to 7-1/2 hours.

1st 2nd 3rd
=Fares=--Single 37s. 7d. ... 22s. 3d.
Return 75s. 2d. ... 44s. 6d.

=Accommodation Obtainable.=--At Jarrow--"Ben Lomond Hotel,"
"Burkett's Hotel."
=Alternative Route.=--Train from St. Pancras. Midland Railway.

Monkwearmouth, a little town 2 mil