eing preferable, as the seed then vegetates with much greater
certainty, and the crop is nearly or quite as early. Great benefit will
be derived from reflected heat, when planted at the foot of a wall,
building, or tight fence, running east and west. It is necessary,
however, when warm sunshine follows cold, frosty nights, to shade the
pease from its influence an hour or two in the morning, or to sprinkle
them with cold water if they have been at all frozen.

They are sometimes covered with a narrow glass frame of a triangular
form, and glazed on both sides, or on one only, according as they may be
used on rows running from north to south, or from east to west. In the
latter case, such frames may have glass in the south side only.

_Subsequent Cultivation._--"When the crop has attained the height of
about five inches, a little earth should be drawn around the stems, but
not so closely as to press upon them: it should form a sort of ridge,
with a slight channel in the middle. The intention here is not, as in
many other cases, to encourage the roots to diverge in a horizontal
direction (for they have no disposition to do so), but rather to give a
slight support to the plants until they take hold of the stakes that are
to support them. Those crops which are not to be staked require this
support the most: and they should have the earth drawn up upon one side
only, that the vines may be thrown to one side; which will both
facilitate the operation of gathering, and keep the ground between them
clear at the same time, while it supports the necks of the plants better
than if the earth was drawn up on both sides."

_Mildew._--One of the most successful cultivators (T. A. Knight) says,
"that the secondary and immediate cause of this disease is a want of a
sufficient supply of moisture from the soil, with excess of humidity in
the air; particularly if the plants be exposed to a temperature below
that to which they have been accustomed. If damp and cloudy weather
succeed that which has been warm and bright, without the intervention
of sufficient rain to moisten the ground to some depth, the crop is
generally much injured by mildew."

"While engaged in the production of those excellent pease which bear his
name, he proved this theory by warding off mildew by copious waterings
of the roots. The fashionable remedy, at present, is the application of
sulphur. This, no doubt, subdues the disease, but does not remove the
cause."--_M'In