n Plantain, Cacalia suaveolens.=

105c. Leaves broadly triangular or kidney-shape, sinuate or entire
=Indian Plantain, Cacalia atriplicifolia.=

106a. Leaves united at the base (5-15 dm. high)
=Boneset, Eupatorium perfoliatum.=

106b. Leaves sessile but not united at the base (5-15 dm. high)
=Upland Boneset, Eupatorium sessilifolium.=

106c. Leaves petioled (4-12 dm. high)
=White Snakeroot, Eupatorium urticaefolium.=

107a. Inflorescence ovoid or pyramidal
=Joe-Pye Weed, Eupatorium purpureum.=

107b. Inflorescence depressed or flattened
=Joe-Pye Weed, Eupatorium purpureum var. maculatum.=

108a. Rays yellow or brown --109.

108b. Rays white to blue or red, never yellow or brown --197.

109a. Principal leaves basal, the stem merely with bract-like scales
--110.

109b. Principal leaves on the stem, opposite or whorled --111.

109c. Principal leaves on the stem, alternate, or with smaller ones
clustered in their axils --132.

110a. Flower-stalk 1-5 dm. high, 1-flowered (spring)
=Coltsfoot, Tussilago farfara.=

110b. Flower-stalk 1-3 m. high, several-flowered (summer)
=Prairie Dock, Silphium terebinthinaceum.=

111a. Ray-flowers pistillate (the 2-lobed style protrudes from their
base) --112.

111b. Ray-flowers with neither stamens nor pistil --118.

112a. Principal leaves lobed (summer) (Leafcup) --113.

112b. Principal leaves toothed or entire, not lobed --115.

113a. Rays 10 or more (1-2 m. high) =Leafcup, Polymnia uvedalia.=

113b. Rays 5 (5-15 dm. high) --114.

114a. Rays shorter than the involucre or none
=Leafcup, Polymnia canadensis.=

114b. Rays about 1 cm. long
=Leafcup, Polymnia canadensis var. radiata.=

115a. Stem 6 dm. high or less; pappus of slender hairs (spring)
=Arnica, Arnica cordifolia.=

115b. Stem usually 8-20 dm. high; pappus of short scales or none
(summer) --116.

116a. Leaves united at base into a cup surrounding the stem
=Cup Plant, Silphium perfoliatum.=

116b. Leaves closely sess