foreign
imports, it was inevitable that this country should become more
pastoral; in 1877 the arable land of England amounted to 13,454,017
acres, and permanent grass to 10,858,016. By 1907 this was
practically reversed, the permanent grass amounting to 13,807,860
acres and the arable to 10,777,595. In corn crops the great decrease
has been in the acreage of wheat, but barley, beans, and peas have
also diminished, while oats have increased. In green crops there has
been a great decrease in turnips and swedes, compensated to some
extent by an increase in mangels, and a sad decrease in hops. The
changes in thirty years can be gathered from the tables of the Board
of Agriculture given on p. 331.

In 1877 no separate return of small fruit was made, but in 1878 the
orchards of England, including fruit trees of any kind, covered
161,228 acres, which by 1907 had grown to a total area under fruit of
294,910 acres, among which were 168,576 acres of apples, 8,365 of
pears, 11,952 of cherries, and 14,571 of plums. Much of the small
fruit is included in the orchards.

'Other crops' were further divided into:

Acres.

Carrots 11,897
Onions 3,416
Buckwheat 5,226
Flax 355
Others 97,020
-------
117,914

The average yield per acre of various crops in England for the ten
years 1897-1906 was:

Bushels.

Wheat 31.1[731]
Barley 32.88
Oats 41.38
Beans 29.28
Peas 27.15

Tons.

Potatoes 5.74
Turnips and swedes 12.19
Mangels 19.24

Cwt.

Hay from clover, and grasses under rotation 29.40
Hay from permanent grass 24.33
Hops 8.81

The live stock in 1877 consisted of:

Horses used solely for purposes of agriculture 761,089
Unbroken horses and mares kept solely for breeding 309,119