uth Carolina.

Seventh--Alabama, Georgia, and Florida.

Eighth--Ohio and West Virginia.

Ninth--Indiana and Kentucky.

Tenth--Wisconsin and Michigan.

Eleventh--Illinois.

Twelfth--Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

Thirteenth--North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota,
and Iowa.

Fourteenth--Colorado, Kansas, and Missouri.

Fifteenth--Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma.

Sixteenth--Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, California,
Nevada, and Utah.

Huge cantonments, or concentration camps--army cities--were put under
construction in the various sections of the country where the drafted
men could be expeditiously massed for mobilization and training before
proceeding to the European battle ground. In all, thirty-two of these
camp cities were required, the regular army and National Guard
providing another sixteen divisions for which such training grounds
were needed. The camp sites were chosen for spaciousness, absence of
marshes, natural drainage situations, and proximity to lines of
transport and a good water supply. Each army camp called for vast
building supplies, as each was designed to constitute a complete town,
with sewerage, water works, lighting system, and streets.

[Illustration: United States naval gunners defending the troop
transport ships from submarine attack. The troop ships of the first
contingent to cross the sea were twice attacked by submarines on the
way.]

The volunteer system was largely depended upon to recruit the regular
army and the National Guard to their required strength; but in the
draft call a provision of 187,000 men had been made for service in
these two branches to fill up gaps caused by failure of volunteer
enlistments or by the detailing of regulars or guardsmen to aid in
training the draft recruits. The President pointed out that there was
ample scope for the volunteer system in augmenting the two established
services, which needed as many men as the draft army. On April 1,
1917, before war was declared, the regular army and National Guard
numbered about 225,000 men. These branches needed augmenting to a
strength of 293,000 and 400,000 respectively, making a combined force
of 693,000. There was thus a call for 468,000 men, which was mainly
responded to by volunteers. The draft citizen army of 500,000 and this
force of 693,000 made an army approaching 1,200,000 men which the
Government organized for field service in Europe