Emerson, R. W., 353;
on Lincoln, 256

England, decrease of dependence on, 23;
Mississippi Valley and, 180, 186;
Old Northwest and, 131, 134

English pioneers, 270

English settlers in Michigan and Wisconsin, 226

English stock and English speech, 23

Equality, 274;
New England, 61, 62, 63;
Western settlers, 212

Erie Canal, 7, 136, 195, 197

Europe, American democracy and, 282;
how America reacted on, 3;
Southeastern, 294, 295, 316

Europeans, 267

Evolution, American, as key to history, 11

Expansion, 206, 219, 304, 345;
Ohio Valley and, 166;
world politics, 246

Experts, 284, 285, 286

"Fall line," 4, 9, 68;
efforts to establish military frontier on, 84

Fairfax, Lord, 92, 123

Far East, 315

Far West, 315, 341

Farm lands, 297

Farm machinery, 276

Farmers, 238, 239

Farmer's frontier, 12, 16, 18

Federal colonial system, 168, 169

Federal Reserve districts, 322

Fertility, 129

Field, Marshall, 265

Finance, 318, 325;
pioneer ideas, 148

Fire-arms and Indians, 13

Firmin, Giles, 56

Food supply, 279, 294, 314

Foreign parentage, Indiana and Illinois, 232;
Michigan, 233;
Western States, 237;
Wisconsin, 233-234

Foreign policy, 168, 219

Forest Service, 320

Forest philosophy, 207

"Foresters," 63

Forests, 270, 293;
Middle West, 130

Fortified houses, 71

Fourierists, 263

France, efforts to revive empire in America, 167;
Middle West and, 131;
Mississippi Valley and, 180, 186;
western exploration, 163;

Franchise, 249-250, 252

Franklin, Benjamin, Mississippi Valley and, 182;
on the Germans, 109

Free Soil party, 141, 173, 217

French explorers, 163

French frontier, 125

French settlers in Michigan and Wisconsin, 226

Frontier, conservative attitude toward advance, 63;
definition, 3, 41;
demand for independent statehood, 248;
efforts to check and restrict it, 33;
evil effects, 32;
extinction, 1, 9, 38, 39, 321;
farmers, 239, 240;
first official, 39, 54;
French, 125;
importance as a military training school, 15;
influence toward democracy, 247, 249;
kinds and modes of advance, 12;
Massachusetts, 65;
military, of Old West, 106-107;
religious aspects, 36;
Spanish, 125;
towns in Massachusetts, 42, 45, 53, 70;
various comparisons, 10

Frontiersmen, 206, 209, 212;
in Congress, 252-253;
Mississippi Valley, 182;
Virginia idea, 86

Fulton, Robert, 171