rculation of 3,654,840, although South Carolina, in
1790, had a population of 249,073, when Ohio was a wilderness, and
Kentucky numbered only 73,077.

As regards education, we must take the Tables for the Census of 1850,
those for 1860 not having been yet published.

By Table 144, Census of 1850, the total number of pupils in public and
private schools, colleges, and academies, was for that year as follows:
Ohio, 502,826. Kentucky, 85,914. Percentage of native free population
who cannot read or write (Table 155), Ohio 3.24; Kentucky, 9.12; Slave
States, native white adults who cannot read or write, ratio 17.23; Free
States, 4.12. (Table 157.) If we include slaves, more than one half the
adults of the Slave States cannot read or write. Indeed, it is made by
law in the Slave States a crime (severely punished) to teach any slave
to read or write. These Tables also show that in South Carolina, the
great leader of secession, (including slaves) more than three fourths of
the people can neither read nor write. Such is the State, rejoicing in
the barbarism of ignorance and slavery, exulting in the hope of reviving
the African slave trade, whose chief city witnesses each week the
auction of slaves as chattels, and whose newspapers, for more than a
century, are filled with daily advertisements by their masters of
runaway slaves, describing the brands and mutilations to which they have
been subjected; that passed the first secession ordinance, and commenced
the war upon the Union by firing upon the Federal flag and garrison of
Sumter. Yet it is the pretended advocates of peace that justify this war
upon the Union, and insist that it shall submit to dismemberment without
a struggle, and permit slavery to be extended over nearly one half the
national territory, purchased by the blood and treasure of the nation.
Such a submission to disintegration and ruin--such a capitulation to
slavery, would have been base and cowardly. It would have justly merited
for us the scorn of the present, the contempt of the future, the
denunciation of history, and the execration of mankind. Despots would
have exultingly announced that 'man is incapable of self-government;'
while the heroes and patriots in other countries, who, cheered and
guided by the light of our example, had struggled in the cause of
popular liberty, would have sunk despairingly from the conflict. This is
our _real offence_ to European oligarchy, that we will crush this foul
rebellio