in 1860, 102,000,760 20,723,472.
Pupils at public schools
in 1860, 176,475 33,254.
Volumes in public libraries,
684,015 125,042.
Value of churches, $10,206,000 $3,947,884.

NEW YORK.--Free State. VIRGINIA.--Slave State.

Area, 47,000 square miles 61,392 square miles.
Population in 1790, 340,120 748,308.
" 1860, 3,880,735 1,596,318.
Product of 1859, $606,000,000 $120,000,000.
Per capita, $156 $75.
Gross profit on capital,
34 per cent 15 per cent.
Value per acre of
farm lands, $38.26 $11.91.
Railroads, 2,842 miles 1,771 miles.
" cost of construction,
$138,395,055 $64,958,807.
Freight in 1860, $579,681,790 $110,000,000.
Canals, 1,038 miles 178 miles.
" cost, $67,567,972 $7,817,000.
Tonnage built in 1860, 31,936 4,372.
Bank capital, $111,441,320 $16,005,156.
Exports and imports,
1860, $394,045,326 $7,184,273.
Copies of press circulated
in 1860, 320,980,884 26,772,518.
Pupils at public schools
in 1860, 675,221 67,428.
Volumes in public libraries,
1,760,820 88,462.
Value of churches, $21,539,561 $2,002,220.
Percentage of native free
population who cannot
read or write, 1.87 19.90.

Compare the column as regards Virginia with the returns for
Pennsylvania, and the result is nearly as remarkable as that of New
York.

Pennsylvania, area 46,000, population in 1790, 434,373; in 1860,
2,900,115. Products of 1859, $399,600,000, _per capita_, $138, profit on
capital, 22 per cent. Value of farm lands per acre, $38.91. Railroads,
2,690 miles, costing $147,483,410. Canals, 1,259 miles, costing
$42,015,000. Tonnage built in 1860, 21,615 tons. Bank capital,
$25,565,582. Exports and imports, $20,262,608, Copies of press
circulated in 1860,116,094,480. Pupils at public schools, 413,706.
Volumes in public libraries, 363,400. Value of churches, $11,853,291.

ILLINOIS.--Free State. MISSOURI.--Slave State.

Area, 55