r age are employed for
excessive hours, and at work far beyond their strength.

"We find that long and faithful service does not meet with the
consideration that is its due; on the contrary, having served a
certain number of years is a reason for dismissal.

"Because of the foregoing low wages, the discouraging result of
excessive fines, long hours, and unwholesome sanitary conditions,
not only the physical system is injured, but--the result we most
deplore, and of which we have incontrovertible proof--the tendency
_is to injure the moral well-being_.

"We believe that to call attention to these evils is to go far
toward remedying them, and that the power to do this lies largely
in the hands of the purchasing classes.

"We think that 'the payment and condition of those who
work--through their employers--for us, is our affair, and that we
have no right to remain in ignorance of the conditions that involve
or may involve their misery.'"

Two points still remain untouched, both of them vital elements in the
just working of the social scheme,--profit-sharing, and a board of
conciliation and arbitration for the adjustment of all difficulties
between employer and employed.

For every detail bearing upon the education bound up in even the attempt
at profit-sharing, as well as for the actual and successful results in
this direction, the reader is referred to an excellent little monograph
on the subject, "Sharing the Profits," by Miss Mary Whiton Calkins,
A.M., and for very full and elaborate treatment of the question, to the
invaluable volume by N.P. Gilman, "Profit-Sharing between Employer and
Employed." In all cases where the experiment has had fair trial, it has
resulted in a marked increase of interest in the work itself; an actual
lessening of the cost of production, and of general wear and tear,
because of this increased interest; and a far more friendly feeling
between employer and employed. It is certain that justice requires
immediate attention to every phase of this question, and that its
adoption is the first step in the right direction.

For the second point, we have as yet in this country only an occasional
attempt at arbitration, yet its need becomes more and more apparent with
every fresh difficulty in the field of labor. A little volume by Mrs.
Josephine Shaw Lowell, at the time of writing,[50] going through the
press, who ha