y of persons in or about the premises should require it, such
proper trap or automatic doors, so fastened in or at all elevator ways
as to form a substantial surface when closed, and so constructed as to
open and close by action of the elevator in its passage, either
ascending or descending, but the requirements of this section shall not
apply to passenger elevators that are closed on all sides. The Factory
Inspector, Assistant Factory Inspector, and Deputy Factory Inspectors
may inspect the cables, gearing, or other apparatus of elevators in
manufacturing establishments, and require that the same be kept in a
safe condition.

Sec. 5. Proper and substantial hand-rails shall be provided on all
stairways in manufacturing establishments, and where, in the opinion of
the Factory Inspector, or of the Assistant Factory Inspector, or Deputy
Factory Inspector, unless disapproved by the Factory Inspector, it is
necessary, the steps of said stairs in all such establishments shall be
substantially covered with rubber, securely fastened thereon, for the
better safety of persons employed in said establishments. The stairs
shall be properly screened at the sides and bottom, and all doors
leading in or to such factory shall be so constructed as to open
outwardly where practicable, and shall be neither locked, bolted, nor
fastened during working-hours.

Sec. 6. If, in the opinion of the Factory Inspector, or of the Assistant
Factory Inspector, or of a Deputy Factory Inspector, it is necessary to
insure the safety of the persons employed in any manufacturing
establishment, three or more stories in height, one or more
fire-escapes, as may be deemed by the Factory Inspector as necessary and
sufficient therefor, shall be provided on the outside of such
establishment, connecting with each floor above the first, well fastened
and secured and of sufficient strength, each of which fire-escapes shall
have landings or balconies, not less than six feet in length and three
feet in width, guarded by iron railings not less than three feet in
height, and embracing at least two windows at each story and connecting
with the interior by easily accessible and unobstructed openings, and
the balconies or landings shall be connected by iron stairs, not less
than eighteen inches wide, the steps not to be less than six inches
tread, placed at a proper slant, and protected by a well-secured
hand-rail on both sides with a twelve-inch-wide drop-ladder from the