FREE BOOKS

Author's List




PREV.   NEXT  
|<   87   88   89   90   91   92   93   94   95   96   97   98   99   100   101   102   103   104   105   106   107   108   109   110   111  
112   113   114   115   116   117   118   119   120   121   122   123   124   125   126   127   128   129   130   131   132   133   134   135   136   >>   >|  
seventeen hours daily, with a rest of only an hour and a half at noon. Brick-makers work during the summer months sixteen hours a day. In the sugar refineries the average hours are from twelve to thirteen for men and from nine to ten for women. The cabinetmakers, both at Ghent and Brussels, assert that they have often to work seventeen hours a day. "In Switzerland the law provides that a normal working-day shall not exceed eleven hours, reduced on Saturdays and public holidays to ten. Power is reserved for prolonging the working-day in certain circumstances. Except in cases of absolute necessity Sunday labor is prohibited, and in establishments where uninterrupted labor is required, each working hand must have one free Sunday out of two. Women cannot under any circumstances be employed in night or Sunday labor. Italy has not legislated for adults, but has made regulations for child labor. Sweden is in the same position. Spain and Portugal have done nothing. The general rule in the latter country, applying to old and young, is to work from sunrise to sunset, an hour and a half being allowed for meals. In the Netherlands a law was recently promulgated to prevent excessive and dangerous work by grown-up women and young persons. In Turkey the working-day lasts from sunrise to sunset, with certain intervals for repose and refreshment. In Russia, where there are no laws affecting the hours of adult labor, the normal working-day in industrial establishments averages twelve hours, though it is often extended to fourteen and even sixteen." FOOTNOTES: [31] Histoire des Classes Ouvriers en France depuis 1789 jusqu'a nos Jours, par E. Levasseur. [32] L'Ouvriere, par Jules Simon. [33] Prisoners of Poverty, p. 118. [34] Le Travail des Femmes au XIX. Siecle, par Paul Leroy-Beaulieu. [35] L'Ouvriere, p. 158. [36] Le Travail des Femmes aux XIX. Siecle. [37] Annuaire de la Bourse du Travail. Volumes from 1887 to 1892 inclusive. [38] Rapport sur l'Enquete faite au nom de l'Academie Royale de Medecine de Belgique, par la commission chargee d'etudier la question de l'emploi des femmes dans les travaux souterrain des mines, Bruxelles, 1868. Documents nouveaux relatifs au travail des femmes et des enfants, dans les manufactures, les mines, etc, etc. Bruxelles, 1874. CHAPTER IX. GENERAL CO
PREV.   NEXT  
|<   87   88   89   90   91   92   93   94   95   96   97   98   99   100   101   102   103   104   105   106   107   108   109   110   111  
112   113   114   115   116   117   118   119   120   121   122   123   124   125   126   127   128   129   130   131   132   133   134   135   136   >>   >|  



Top keywords:
working
 

Sunday

 

Travail

 
normal
 
circumstances
 
establishments
 

femmes

 

Siecle

 

Bruxelles

 

Femmes


sunrise
 
Ouvriere
 

sunset

 

sixteen

 

twelve

 

seventeen

 

fourteen

 

months

 

summer

 

Prisoners


Poverty
 

makers

 

Beaulieu

 
extended
 

Histoire

 
depuis
 
Ouvriers
 

France

 

average

 

refineries


FOOTNOTES

 

Levasseur

 
Classes
 
souterrain
 

Documents

 
travaux
 

question

 

emploi

 

nouveaux

 

relatifs


CHAPTER

 

GENERAL

 
manufactures
 

travail

 
enfants
 
etudier
 

inclusive

 

Volumes

 
Annuaire
 

Bourse