instead of one; I wish that their richer sisters were not so
terribly apathetic about them."

For Scotland, industries, wages, and general conditions are much the
same as those of England. Factory life has been at many points improved,
and the superior thrift and education of the working-class shows in the
large amount of their savings. But Glasgow has faced conditions almost
as terrible as those given in "The Bitter Cry of Outcast London," with a
result not yet attained by the latter city, having destroyed hundreds of
foul tenements to make room for improved dwellings.

For Ireland, though Irish linen, poplins, and woollens are the synonym
of excellence, the proportion of women workers in these industries is
comparatively small. In a few counties in the south Irish lace is made,
but the women are chiefly agricultural laborers. Thanks to the efforts
of Parnell, in 1885, there was formed "The Association for the Promotion
of Irish Industries," then chiefly destroyed by the "Act of Union" which
permitted England to levy protective tariffs on all Irish manufactures.
Statistics on these points are hidden in English Blue-books, and we have
no very reliable data as to the number of women and children employed.
The efforts of the Countess of Aberdeen, during the term of her husband
as Viceroy of Ireland, and of the Countess of Dunraven on the Dunraven
estates in the county of Limerick, have done much to re-establish the
lace industry,--with such success that the work compares favorably with
that of some of the French convents.

In Wales, as in the North of England, women and children are employed in
the mines, and there is constant evasion of the laws regulating hours,
with a wage as inadequate as the work is heavy. Heavy woollens and
corduroy employ a small proportion in their manufacture, wage and hours
being the same as those of England.

FOOTNOTES:

[26] "The Destruction of Infants," by Mr. F.W. Lowndes, M.R.C.S.,
British Association for the Advancement of Science, Report for 1870, p.
586.

[27] Journal of the Statistical Society, Sept., 1870, vol. xxxiii. pp.
323-326.

[28] Parliamentary Paper, No. 372, July 20, 1871: Collected Series, vol.
vii. p. 606.

[29] Sixth Report of the Medical Officer of the Privy Council, 1863, pp.
454-462. Parliamentary Paper, 1864, No. 3,416, vol. xxviii.

[30] Labor and Life of the People, vol. i.: East London. Edited by
Charles Booth, p. 564.

VIII.

GENERAL