ey [the officers] are not
degenerated from English principles; though I presume we shall be
very tender of hanging any except leading men; yet we shall make no
scruple of sending them to the West Indies, where they will serve
for planters, and help to plant the plantation that General
Venables, it is hoped, hath reduced."

So examples were made. Mr. Edward Hetherington was hanged in Dublin, on
the 3rd of April, 1655, with placards on his breast and back, on which
were written, "For not transplanting;" and at the summer assizes of
1658, hundreds were condemned to death for the same cause, but were
eventually sent as slaves to Barbadoes. The miseries of those who did
transplant was scarcely less than those of the persons who were
condemned to slavery. Some committed suicide, some went mad, all were
reduced to the direst distress. The nobles of the land were as cruelly
treated and as much distrusted as the poorest peasant. The very men who
had laid down their arms and signed articles of peace at Kilkenny, were
not spared; and the excuse offered was, that the Act of Parliament
overrode the articles. One of the gentlemen thus betrayed was Lord
Trimbleston, and his tomb may still be seen in the ruined Abbey of
Kilconnell, with the epitaph:--

"HERE LIES MATHEW, LORD BARON OF TRIMBLESTON,
ONE OF THE TRANSPLANTED."

[Illustration: SCULPTURES AT DEVENISH.]

FOOTNOTES:

[483] _Trim_ For an illustration of this castle, see p. 560.

[484] _Bibles_.--See _The Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland_, by John P.
Prendergast, Esq.--a most important work, and one which merits the
careful consideration of all who wish to understand this period of Irish
history, and one of the many causes of Irish disaffection. The scythes
and sickles were to the corn, that the Irish might be starved if they
could not be conquered.

[485] _Quarter_.--Cromwell says, in his letters, that quarter was not
promised; Leland and Carte say that it was.

[486] _Tale_.--_Cromwell's Letters and Speeches_, vol. i. p. 456. The
simplicity with which Carlyle attempts to avert the just indignation of
the Irish, by saying that the garrison "consisted mostly of Englishmen,"
coupled with his complacent impression that eccentric phrases can excuse
crime, would be almost amusing were it not that he admits himself to be
as cruel as his hero.--vol. i. p. 453. A man who can write thus is past
criticism. If the garrison did consist mainly of Englis