y Judges--Case of Sir Edward Hales--Roman Catholics authorised
to hold Ecclesiastical Benefices;--Sclater; Walker--The Deanery
of Christchurch given to a Roman Catholic--Disposal of
Bishoprics--Resolution of James to use his Ecclesiastical Supremacy
against the Church--His Difficulties--He creates a new Court of High
Commission--Proceedings against the Bishop of London--Discontent excited
by the Public Display of Roman Catholic--Rites and Vestments--Riots--A
Camp formed at Hounslow--Samuel Johnson--Hugh Speke--Proceedings against
Johnson--Zeal of the Anglican Clergy against Popery--The Roman
Catholic Divines overmatched--State of Scotland--Queensberry--Perth and
Melfort--Favour shown to the Roman Catholic Religion in
Scotland--Riots at Edinburgh--Anger of the King; his Plans concerning
Scotland--Deputation of Scotch Privy Councillors sent to London--Their
Negotiations with the King--Meeting of the Scotch Estates; they prove
refractory--They are adjourned; arbitrary System of Government
in Scotland--Ireland--State of the Law on the Subject of
Religion--Hostility of Races--Aboriginal Peasantry; aboriginal
Aristocracy--State of the English Colony--Course which James ought
to have followed--His Errors--Clarendon arrives in Ireland as Lord
Lieutenant--His Mortifications; Panic among the Colonists--Arrival of
Tyrconnel at Dublin as General; his Partiality and Violence--He is bent
on the Repeal of the Act of Settlement; he returns to England--The
King displeased with Clarendon--Rochester attacked by the Jesuitical
Cabal--Attempts of James to convert Rochester--Dismission of
Rochester--Dismission of Clarendon; Tyrconnel Lord Deputy--Dismay of the
English Colonists in Ireland--Effect of the Fall of the Hydes

JAMES was now at the height of power and prosperity. Both in England and
in Scotland he had vanquished his enemies, and had punished them with
a severity which had indeed excited their bitterest hatred, but had, at
the same time, effectually quelled their courage. The Whig party seemed
extinct. The name of Whig was never used except as a term of reproach.
The Parliament was devoted to the King; and it was in his power to keep
that Parliament to the end of his reign. The Church was louder than
ever in professions of attachment to him, and had, during the late
insurrection, acted up to those professions. The Judges were his tools;
and if they ceased to be so, it was in his power to remove them. The