e. The
_Joachimsthaler_ was also sometimes known as the _Schlickenthaler_. The
first use of the word dollar in English was as applied to this silver
coin, the thaler, which was current in Germany at various values from
the 16th century onwards, as well as, more particularly, to the unit of
the German monetary union from 1857 to 1873, when the mark was
substituted for the thaler. The Spanish piece-of-eight (_reals_) was
also commonly referred to as a dollar. When the Bank of England
suspended cash payments in 1797, and the scarcity of coin was very
great, a large number of these Spanish coins, which were held by the
bank, were put into circulation, after having been countermarked at the
Mint with a small oval bust of George III., such as was used by the
Goldsmiths' Company for marking plate. Others were simply overstamped
with the initials G.R. enclosed in a shield. In 1804 the Maundy penny
head set in an octagonal compartment was employed. Several millions of
these coins were issued. These Spanish pieces-of-eight were also current
in the Spanish-American colonies, and were very largely used in the
British North American colonies. As the reckoning was by pounds,
shillings and pence in the British-American colonies, great
inconveniences naturally arose, but these were to some extent lessened
by the adoption of a tariff list, by which the various gold and silver
coins circulating were rated. In 1787 the dollar was introduced as the
unit in the United States, and it has remained as the standard of value
either in silver or gold in that country. For the history of the various
changes in the weights and value of the coin see NUMISMATICS. The
Spanish piece-of-eight was also the ancestor of the Mexican dollar, the
Newfoundland dollar, the British dollar circulating in Hong Kong and the
Straits Settlements, and the dollar of the South American republics,
although many of them are now dollars only in name.

DOLLING, ROBERT WILLIAM RADCLYFFE (1851-1902), English divine, known as
Father Dolling, was born at Magheralin, Co. Down, and educated at Harrow
and Cambridge. From 1878 to 1882 he was warden of one of the houses of
the Postmen's League, started by Father Stanton of St Alban's, Holborn.
He was ordained in 1883 to a curacy at Corscombe, Dorset, but resided in
London as head of St Martin's mission, Stepney. In 1885 a difficulty as
to the relation of his mission to Holy Trinity parish, Stepney, led to
his resignation, and h