oast. Among the Wasaramo the girls carry from the age of puberty till
the birth of their first child an object indistinguishable from the
ordinary doll; it is called _mwana ya kiti_ (stool-child) because it is
placed on a stool at home; it probably has a magical significance. The
same may be said of the Australian figurines; others, made of cane, are
undoubtedly children's dolls; excellently moulded wax figures are also
found. In Asia dolls properly so-called are apparently rare; but there
are specimens in museums from the Malay peninsula, Persia and South
India, and in Asia Minor children use cushions, &c., as surrogates. They
are found in Alaska among the Eskimo. Most Red Indian tribes had them; a
mother who has lost her child carries its dolls and other playthings.
Cortes is said to have found Montezuma and his court playing with
elaborate dolls; they have been dug up from prehistoric Peruvian graves.
In the Gran Chaco metacarpal bones of the rhea are in use, wrapped in a
blanket when they represent male, in a petticoat when they are female.

But little attention has been paid to the psychological side of dolls.
Though many boys play with them, dolls are mainly confined to girls; and
female dolls predominate in the proportion of twelve to one. The
culmination of the doll instinct is between the age of eight and nine;
but they are not entirely dropped till much later; in fact unmarried and
childless women sometimes keep it up for years. In children it is said
by Hall to be by no means always a manifestation of the maternal
instinct; for dolls are not always regarded as children, and the
proportion of adults increases with the age of the children. But the
important point is whether the child regarded itself as older or younger
than the doll. There is, on the other hand, a tendency to neglect dolls
for babies and a reverse current of love of dolls which arises out of
love of babies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.--For a list of works see A. MacDonald, _Man and Abnormal
Man_ (U. S. Senate Document, 1905, vol. ix. No. 187, p. 275); see
also Andree, _Ethnographische Parallelen_ N. F.; Schlegel, _Indische
Bibliothek_. i. 139; _Brandenburgia_, xi. 28; _Delineator_, lviii.
927; _Globus_, lxxv. 354, lxxx. 205; _Internat. Archiv f. Ethnog._
vii. 45; _Ladies' Home Journ._ xvi.; _Westermann's Monatshefte_ (Feb.
1899, &c.); _Man_ (1903, No. 22). For the psychological side see
_Paedagogical Seminary_, iv. 129, discussed in _Contemp