um_ of Julius Schiller (1627) is noteworthy for the attempt
made to replace the names connoting mythological and pagan ideas by the
names of apostles, saints, popes, bishops, and other dignitaries of the
church, &c. Aries became St Peter; Taurus, St Andrew; Andromeda, the
Holy Sepulchre; Lyra, the Manger; Canis major, David; and so on. This
innovation (with which the introduction of the twelve apostles into the
solar zodiac by the Venerable Bede may be compared) was shortlived.
According to Charles Hutton [_Math. Dict._ i. 328 (1795)] the editions
published in 1654 and 1661 had reverted to the Greek names; on the other
hand, Camille Flammarion (_Popular Astronomy_, p. 375) quotes an
illuminated folio of 1661, which represents "the sky delivered from
pagans and peopled with Christians." A similar confusion was attempted
by E. Weigelius, who sought to introduce a _Coelum heraldicum_, in which
the constellations were figured as the arms or insignia of European
dynasties, and by symbols of commerce.

[Illustration: PLATE I.
CONSTELLATIONS OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE.]

[Illustration: PLATE II.
CONSTELLATIONS OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE.]

CONSTELLATION

+----------------+---------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
| Modern. | Ptolemy. [Greek] | Ulugh Beg. | Tycho Brahe. | Meaning. |
+----------------+---------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
| |
| Northern constellations (21). |
| ----------------------------- |
| |
| Ursa minor Arktou mikras Stellae Ursi minoris Ursa minor, Cynosura Little Bear |
| asterismhost |
| |
| Ursa major Arktou megales a. S. Ursi majoris Ursa major, Helice Great Bear |
|