d where a
chemical can be advantageously used. This substance is a good
disinfectant as well as a deodorant, and if applied as a wash, in the
proportion of four to six ounces of the powder to one gallon of water,
it will destroy most forms of life. In many cases this agent is
inapplicable on account of its odor.

_Corrosive sublimate_ (HgCl_{2}) for most purposes is a good
disinfectant, but it is such an intense poison that its use is dangerous
in places that are at all accessible to stock.

For the disinfection of walls in stables and barns, common thin _white
wash_ Ca(OH)_{2} is admirably adapted if made from freshly-burned quick
lime. It possesses strong germicidal powers, increases the amount of
light in the barn, is a good absorbent of odors, and is exceedingly
cheap.

Carbolic acid, creosote, and such products, while excellent
disinfectants, cannot well be used on account of their odor, especially
in factories.

For gutters, drains, and waste pipes in factories, _vitriol salts_
(sulfates of copper, iron and zinc) are sometimes used. These are
deodorants as well as disinfectants, and are not so objectionable to use
on account of their odor.

These suggestions as to the use of chemicals, however, only apply to
extreme cases and should not be brought into requisition until a
thorough application of hot water, soap, a little soda, and the
scrubbing brush have failed to do their work.

FOOTNOTES:

[51] Guenther and Thierfelder, Arch. f. Hyg., 25:164, 1895; Leichmann,
Cent. f. Bakt., 2:281, 1896; Esten, 9 Rept. Storrs Expt. Stat., p. 44,
1896; Dinwiddie, Bull. 45, Ark. Expt. Stat., May, 1897; Kozai, Zeit. f.
Hyg., 38:386, 1901; Weigmann, Hyg. Milk Congress, Hamburg, 1903, p. 375.

[52] McDonnell, Inaug. Diss., Kiel. 1899, p. 39.

[53] Kayser, Cent. f. Bakt. II. Abt. 1:436.

[54] Treadwell, Science, 1894, 17:178.

[55] Conn, 5 Rept. Storrs Expt. Stat., 1892, p. 396.

[56] Fermi, Arch. f. Hyg., 1892, 14:1.

[57] Duclaux, Le Lait, p. 121.

[58] Duclaux, Principes de Laiterie, p. 67.

[59] Guillebeau (Milch Zeit., 1892, p. 808) has studied over a dozen
different forms that possess this property.

[60] Ward, Bull. 165, Cornell Expt. Stat., Mch., 1899; also Bull. 195,
Ibid., Nov., 1901.

[61] Adametz, Landw. Jahr., 1891, p. 185.

[62] Marshall, Mich. Expt. Stat., Bull. 140.

[63] Milch Zeit., 1899, p. 982.

[64] Duclaux, Principes de Laiterie, p. 60. Heinze and Cohn, Zeit. f.
Hyg., 46: 286, 1904.