and the University of Chicago for valuable aid in bibliography.
Thanks are due also to Commander C. C. Gill, U. S. N., Captain T. G.
Frothingam, U. S. N. R., Dr. C. Alphonso Smith, and to colleagues of
the Department of English at the Naval Academy for helpful criticism.
As to the "References" at the conclusion of each chapter, it should
be said that they are merely references, not bibliographies. The
titles are recommended to the reader who may wish to study a period
in greater detail, and who would prefer a short list to a complete
bibliography.

WILLIAM OLIVER STEVENS

ALLAN WESTCOTT

United States Naval Academy,
_June_, 1920.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER
I THE BEGINNINGS OF NAVIES
II ATHENS AS A SEA POWER:
1. THE PERSIAN WAR
2. THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR
III THE SEA POWER OF ROME:
1. THE PUNIC WARS
2. THE IMPERIAL NAVY
IV THE NAVIES OF THE MIDDLE AGES:
THE EASTERN EMPIRE
V THE NAVIES OF THE MIDDLE AGES [_Continued_]:
VENICE AND THE TURK
VI OPENING THE OCEAN ROUTES:
1. PORTUGAL AND THE NEW ROUTE TO INDIA
2. SPAIN AND THE NEW WORLD
VII SEA POWER IN THE NORTH:
HOLLAND'S STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE
VIII ENGLAND AND THE ARMADA
IX RISE OF ENGLISH SEA POWER:
WARS WITH THE DUTCH
X RISE OF ENGLISH SEA POWER [_continued_]:
WARS WITH FRANCE TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
XI NAPOLEONIC WARS:
THE FIRST OF JUNE AND CAMPERDOWN
XII NAPOLEONIC WARS [_Continued_]:
THE RISE OF NELSON
XIII NAPOLEONIC WARS [_Concluded_]:
TRAFALGAR AND AFTER
XIV REVOLUTION IN NAVAL WARFARE:
HAMPTON ROADS AND LISSA
XV RIVALRY FOR WORLD POWER
XVI THE WORLD WAR:
THE FIRST YEAR
XVII THE WORLD WAR [_Continued_]:
THE BATTLE OF JUTLAND
XVIII THE WORLD WAR [_Concluded_]:
COMMERCE WARFARE
XIX CONCLUSION
INDEX

MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

EGYPTIAN SHIP
SCENE OF ANCIENT SEA POWER
GREEK WAR GALLEY
GREEK MERCHANT SHIP
ROUTE OF XERXES' FLEET TO BATTLE OF SALAMIS
SCENE OF PRELIMINARY NAVAL OPERATIONS, CAMPAIGN OF SALAMIS
THE BATTLE OF SALAMIS, 480 B. C.
THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE AT ITS HEIGHT--ABOUT 450 B. C.
SCENE OF PHORMIO'S CAMPAIGN
BATTLE OF THE CORINTHIAN GULF, 429 B. C.
SCENE OF THE PUNIC WARS
ROMAN FORMATION AT ECNOMUS
CARTHAGINIAN TACTICS AT THE BATTL