the family. Philip VI., the first of the Valois kings, was a son of
Charles I., count of Valois and grandson of King Philip III. (see
VALOIS). The Capetian-Valois dynasty lasted until 1498, when Louis, duke
of Orleans, became king as Louis XII., on the death of King Charles
VIII. (see ORLEANS). Louis XII. dying childless, the house of
Valois-Angouleme followed from Francis I. to the death of Henry III. in
1589 (see ANGOULEME), when the last great Capetian family, the Bourbons
(q.v.) mounted the throne.

Scarcely second to the royal house is the branch to which belonged the
dukes of Burgundy. In the 10th century the duchy of Burgundy fell into
the hands of Hugh the Great, father of Hugh Capet, on whose death in 956
it passed to his son Otto, and, in 965, to his son Henry. In 1032
Robert, the second son of Robert the Pious, king of the Franks, and
grandson of Hugh Capet, founded the first ducal house, which ruled until
1361. For two years the duchy was in the hands of the crown, but in
1363, the second ducal house, also Capetian, was founded by Philip the
Bold, son of John II., king of France. This branch of the Capetians is
also distinguished by its union with the Habsburgs, through the marriage
of Mary, daughter of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, with
Maximilian, afterwards the emperor Maximilian I. Of great importance
also was the house of the counts of Anjou, which was founded in 1246, by
Charles, son of the French king Louis VIII., and which, in 1360, was
raised to the dignity of a dukedom (see ANJOU). Members of this family
sat upon the thrones of two kingdoms. The counts and dukes of Anjou were
kings of Naples from 1265 to 1442. In 1308 Charles Robert of Anjou was
elected king of Hungary, his claim being based on the marriage of his
grandfather Charles II., king of Naples and count of Anjou, with Maria,
daughter of Stephen V., king of Hungary. A third branch formed the house
of the counts of Artois, which was founded in 1238 by Robert, son of
King Louis VIII. This house merged in that of Valois in 1383, by the
marriage of Margaret, daughter of Louis, count of Artois, with Philip
the Bold, duke of Burgundy. The throne of Navarre was also filled by the
Capetians. In 1284 Jeanne, daughter and heiress of Henry I., king of
Navarre, married Philip IV., king of France, and the two kingdoms were
united until Philip of Valois became king of France as Philip VI. in
1328, when Jeanne, daughter of King Louis X., and heiress