l monopoly. In 1461 he sent an expedition
to recruit slaves on the coast of Guinea and thus to people the islands,
which were almost certainly uninhabited at the time. On his death in
1470 his privileges reverted to the crown, and were bestowed by John II.
on Prince Emanuel, by whose accession to the throne in 1495 the
archipelago finally became part of the royal dominions. Its population
and importance rapidly increased; its first bishop was consecrated in
1532, its first governor-general appointed about the end of the century.
It was enriched by the frequent visits of Portuguese fleets, on their
return to Europe laden with treasure from the East, and by the presence
of immigrants from Madeira, who introduced better agricultural methods
and several new industries, such as dyeing and distillation of spirits.
The failure to maintain an equal rate of progress in the 18th and 19th
centuries was due partly to drought, famine and disease--in particular,
to the famines of 1730-1733 and 1831-1833--and partly to gross
misgovernment by the Portuguese officials.

The best general account of the islands is given in vols. xxiii. and
xxvii. of the _Boletim_ of the Lisbon Geographical Society (1905 and
1908), and in _Madeira, Cabo Verde, e Guine_, by J.A. Martins (Lisbon,
1891). Official statistics are published in Lisbon at irregular
intervals. See also _Uber die Capverden_ (Leipzig, 1884) and _Die
Vulcane der Capverden_ (Graz, 1882), both by C. Dolter. A useful map,
entitled _Ocean Atlantico Norte, Archipelago do Cabo Verde_, was
issued in 1900 by the _Commissao de Cartographia_, Lisbon.

CAPGRAVE, JOHN (1393-1464), English chronicler and hagiologist, was born
at Lynn in Norfolk on the 21st of April 1393. He became a priest, took
the degree of D.D. at Oxford, where he lectured on theology, and
subsequently joined the order of Augustinian hermits. Most of his life
he spent in the house of the order at Lynn, of which he probably became
prior; he was certainly provincial of his order in England, which
involved visits to other friaries, and he made at least one journey to
Rome. He died on the 12th of August 1464.

Capgrave was an indefatigable student, and was reputed one of the most
learned men of his age. The bulk of his works are theological: sermons,
commentaries and lives of saints. His reputation as a hagiologist rests
on his _Nova legenda Angliae_, or _Catalogus_ of the English saints, but
this was no mor