the
Tharand Jahrbuch of 1861, p. 166, and with them appear also Hartig's
specifications of 60 forms of this species, each dignified with a
Latin name.

Plate XXI.

Fig. 186, Cone of var. uncinata. Figs. 187, 188, Cones. Fig. 189,
Leaf-fascicles, magnified leaf-section and more magnified dermal
tissues of the leaf. Fig. 190, Tree and dwarf-form of the Pyrenees.

[Illustration: PLATE XXI. P. SYLVESTRIS (182-185), MONTANA (186-190)]

31. PINUS LUCHUENSIS

1894 P. luchuensis Mayr in Bot. Centralbl. lviii. 149, f.

Spring-shoots uninodal. Bark-formation late, the upper trunk covered
with a smooth cortex. Leaves binate, from 12 to 16 cm. long, the epiderm
thick, hypoderm of two or three rows of cells; resin-ducts medial or
with an occasional external duct. Conelets mucronate toward the apex.
Cones from 3 to 6 cm. long, ovate-conic, symmetrical; apophyses lustrous
nut-brown, transversely carinate, the umbo unarmed.

This Pine is known to me through Mayr's description and a single dried
specimen. The smooth cortex of young trees distinguishes it from all
other east-Asiatic Hard Pines. Mayr includes under this species the
Pine of Hong Kong. But in this he must be mistaken, for there is no
species yet found in China that agrees with the description of P.
luchuensis.

Plate XXII.

Fig. 191, Cone. Fig. 192, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section.

32. PINUS THUNBERGII

1784 P. sylvestris Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 274 (not Linnaeus).
1842 P. Massoniana Siebold & Zuccarini. Fl. Jap. ii. 24, t. 113
(not Lambert).
1868 P. Thunbergii Parlatore in DC. Prodr. xvi-2, 388.

Spring-shoots uninodal. Buds of leading-shoots white and conspicuous.
Leaves binate, from 6 to 11 cm. long, the epiderm thick, hypoderm
strong, resin-ducts medial. Conelets with short-mucronate scales. Cones
from 4 to 6 cm. long, ovate or ovate-conic, symmetrical; apophyses
nut-brown, flat or convex and transversely carinate, the prickle of the
umbo more or less persistent.

The Black Pine of Japan has been cultivated for centuries, and by
skillful Japanese gardeners has been trained into dwarf and other
curious forms. It is hardy in cold-temperate climates. It is distinct
from P. densiflora by the medial ducts of its leaf, from P. nigra by
the fewer, larger, brown scales of its cone, and from P. resinosa by
the armature of its conelet. It appears in most determinations of
Chin