cold-temperate and subalpine levels, growing on the
mountains of central and western China, and at lower altitudes in the
north and in Corea. It is recognized by its tenaciously persistent
cones with a remarkable change in color. It is constantly confused
with P. Thunbergii and P. densiflora, neither of which grows
spontaneously in China. From the former it differs in leaf-section and
bud (the bud of P. sinensis is never white), from the latter in the
lustre and the color variation of its cone, and from both in the
frequent obliquity of its cone and in the frequent presence of
trimerous leaf-fascicles.

Of the two varieties of this species, densata and yunnanensis (Shaw in
Sargent, Pl. Wilson. ii. 17), the former represents the extreme
oblique form of cone, the latter represents the longest dimensions of
cone and leaf. The effect of environment on this species can be seen
in figs. 202, 203, from a lower slope and rich soil, and fig. 204,
from a high rocky ledge in the same locality.

Plate XXIII.

Fig. 201, Cone of var. densata. Fig. 202, Cone of var. yunnanensis.
Fig. 203, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section of var.
yunnanensis. Fig. 204, Cone and leaf-fascicle from a rocky ledge.
Fig. 205, Cone, leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section of the
typical form. Fig. 206, Seeds. Fig. 207, Conelet and its enlarged
scale.

36. PINUS INSULARIS

1837 P. taeda Blanco, Fl. Filip. 767 (not Linnaeus).
1847 P. insularis Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 157.
1854 P. khasiana Griffith, Notul. Pl. Asiat. iv. 18; Icon. Pl.
Asiat. tt. 367, 368.
1868 P. kasya Royle ex Parlatore in DC. Prodr. xvi-2, 390.

Spring-shoots uninodal, glabrous. Leaves from 12 to 24 cm. long, in
fascicles of 3, rarely of 2, very slender; resin-ducts external, rarely
with a medial duct. Conelets mucronate. Cones from 5 to 10 cm. long,
ovate-conic, symmetrical or oblique, tenaciously persistent; apophyses
lustrous, nut-brown, convex or elevated along a transverse keel, the
posterior scales of some cones larger and more prominent than the
anterior scales, the mucro usually deciduous.

A species of the Philippines and of northern Burmah. In both countries
it is locally exploited for wood and resin. It differs from the common
form of P. sinensis by its much longer leaves, and from its var.
yunnanensis, which it more resembles, by its much more slender and
pliant lea