se. Leaves in fascicles of 3, from 20 to
30 cm. long; resin-ducts medial, hypoderm multiform. Conelets large,
their scales tapering to a sharp point. Cones from 15 to 25 cm. long,
reflexed, ovate, slightly oblique, persistent; apophyses
chocolate-brown, very prominent, the curved umbo confluent with the
apophysis and with it forming a very large talon-like armature with a
sharp apex and a broad thick base; seed-wing very thick, with a short
membranous margin, the dorsal surface of the nut uniform in color.

A tree with sparse gray-green foliage, growing in small groves on the
foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges of California. Its
three leaves and the uniform color of the nut distinguish it from
P. Torreyana. From P. Coulteri it differs in the length of the
membranous portion of the seed-wing and in its gray-green leaves.

Plate XXXVIII.

Fig. 326, Cone. Fig. 327, Seed, nut and wing. Fig. 328, Magnified
leaf-section.

[Illustration: PLATE XXXVIII. P. TORREYANA (324, 325), SABINIANA
(326-328)]

66. PINUS COULTERI

1837 P. Coulteri D. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii. 440.
1840 P. macrocarpa Lindley in Bot. Reg. xxvi. Misc. 62.

Spring-shoots multinodal, pruinose. Leaves in fascicles of 3, from 15 to
30 cm. long, very stout; resin-ducts medial, or with an occasional
internal duct, hypoderm multiform and of many cells. Conelet very large,
the scales tapering to a long sharp point. Cones from 25 to 35 cm. long,
reflexed, ovate or oblong-ovate, somewhat oblique, persistent; apophyses
sublustrous tawny yellow, very protuberant, with a narrow shoulder from
which springs the umbo in the form of a large stout curved talon;
seed-wing nearly equally divided between the very thick base and the
membranous apex.

Remarkable among Pines for the size and weight of its cones, many
times heavier than the longer cones of P. Lambertiana, illustrating
the great change that the cone-tissues undergo in the gradual
evolution of the species. It is a tree with dark-green foliage,
growing from northern Lower California over the mountains of southern
California to the Santa Lucia range and to Mt. Diablo. It is of no
value except for fuel and for its large nuts. It is best recognized by
its seed. The cone differs from the others of this group in its yellow
color, not unlike that of boxwood.

Plate XXXIX.

Fig. 329, Cone of small size. Fig. 330, Seed, nut and wing. Fig.